1050 
new approaches to the solutions to marine problems. In fact, the sepa- 
ration of certain functions from their parent agency without an in- 
crease in funding could precipitate disaster. Substantial funds will 
be needed to support coastal zone authorities. 
Accordingly, it is strongly recommended that specific provisions be 
included in this bill to fund NOAA as a separate budget item. The 
appropriation hopefully will include a significant increase in the fiscal 
support of each agency concerned, in order that NOAA may work ef- 
fectively. Funds could be appropriated from income received from 
marine activities, 1.e., mineral and oil leases and royalties from tide 
and submerged lands and the like. 
The great research effort exerted by the Department of Defense in 
the marine environment, and the relatively small amount expended by 
Federal nonmilitary agencies in the same area is an area of concern. 
We suggest that a straightforward support and funding o fnon- 
military agency research efforts in the marine environment would go 
far faster to the heart of the matter and further the national interest 
in the sea to an extent greater than the purely military approach. We 
depend too much on spinoff from military oriented research with the 
accompanying timelags. 
Why not, for example, even though the private sector has pro- 
vided valuable contributions, further support the private sector re- 
search on submersibles, underwater construction, deep water trans- 
portation, navigation aids, electronic fish finders, mineral location and 
recovery, improved environmental prediction systems and pollution 
abatement. Department of Interior research programs would appear 
to be vital to our Nation, and certainly may be oriented toward the 
special needs of coastal States much more readily than military 
activities. 
In order to place the proper planned emphasis and priority on 
marine research, it is firmly recommended that the authority for mak- 
ing marine research grants be transferred from NSF to NOAA or, at. 
the very least, that NOAA be represented equally on any NSF dis- 
cussions of research funding in this area. 
Ocean effort is not truly to be compared with that of space. 
Certainly there are massive ocean projects requiring sophisticated 
equipment in many ways similar to space projects; however, the ocean 
and coastal zones afford innumerable opportunities for small enter- 
prises. This very nature of the coastal zone—including, as it does, 
eradual changes in water depths and coastal configurations, provides 
for an infinite variation in the uses to which the resources in this tran- 
sition zone may be put, with a corresponding opportunity for small 
as well as large enterprise to participate. 
This concept calls then for a program of fragmented research, not 
necessarily a few large-scale special-interest programs but projects 
directed specifically to ways in which the small operator may parti- 
cipate, i.e., culture and harvest of marine organisms, new ways to 
mine inshore waters, to clean up harbor oil spills, to improve naviga- 
tion, to find fish, to provide public opportunity to observe and parti- 
cipate in marine-oriented activities, through provision of access, 
facilities, equipment, and so forth. } 
At this point I would like to say that you have had testimony from 
the National Academy of Engineering, and I would like to strongly 
