1099 
Federal structure. Our allied nations and friends are not going to 
move ahead of the United States. If the U.S. prefers a chaotic orga- 
nization of its ocean affairs, they think there must be some devious 
reason for it, that is good, and that they have not discovered yet. 
One consequence is that the U.S. delegations to [OC meetings con- 
sist of a dozen to 20-odd members, among which there has been a 
decreasing number of scientists in recent years. Hach ocean agency 
in the U.S. Government must have at least one representative on the 
U.S. delegation to protect the interest of that agency vis-a-vis the 
other agencies, and the Department of State must have three or four 
members, so each can guard his interest against other interests within 
the Department of State. That is not a harsh statement at all, but 
just flat-out truth. 
Mr. Lennon. It is a rather scathing indictment of our whole Gov- 
ernment structure, and I might comment at this time that I can see 
how the gentleman from Virginia, who said he read your statement 
before you made it, complimented you the way he did, and I share 
his feeling 100 percent. Tam ashamed to say that I have to share them, 
but i do 
Dr. Crrapawan. Iam very sorry to have to make the santenians, si. 
Mr. Lennon. I am sure you must be. 
Go ahead. 
Dr. Coapman. There is no room for industry-oriented experts on the 
delegation. Most of the U.S. scientific representation comes from Amer- 
ican scientists attending in other capacities, representing other en- 
tities, for there 1s no room for more than one or two independent sci- 
entists on a U.S. delegation any more. 
It 1 is a standing joke that the diversity of interest in a U.S. delege - 
tion is so broad that almost anything an entire U.S. delegation can 
agree to within itself will bring a vote of at least two-thirds of the dele- 
gations of other nations present. 
There was a good deal of kidding of us at this last [OC meeting, 
when it was found that Italy had fielded a larger delegation than the 
United States had. Of course, with our hangers « on, like me, outside our 
delegation, we still had much the largest group, every one of which was 
protecting his interest. 
The specialized agencies, the scientific COMMMMILY, and even the 
U.S. Government took a considerable fright 2 years ago, when the Gen- 
eral Assembly took an active interest in ocean affairs and began to 
move sharply on them. This increased with the formation of the Seabed 
Committee by the General Assembly, and the vigorous pattern of work 
it began to follow. 
This was actually probably the best thing that ever happened to- 
ward the improvement of international cooperation in marine affairs. 
The diplomats who work in the United Nations net only are not 
knowledgeable about ocean affairs, but, as within the U.S. Govern- 
ment, delegations of all nations to the United Nations are hardly ac- 
cessible to ocean scientists and technologists in their own Govern- 
ment and national scientific communities. 
Delegations to the United Nations come from Foreign Offices, and 
the Foreion Offices of all nations are notoriously insensitive to other 
branches of their own government, just as the Department of State 
normally is to ours. 
26—563—70—pt. 2 38 
