1188 
20. Much new and definitive information on the economics of seabed mining: 
was set out in various papers and discussions at the Offshore Technology Con- 
ference held in Houston, Texas, April 1969 and at the annual meeting of the 
Marine Technology Society, Miami, May, 1969, and will be available when the 
Proceedings of those two sessions are printed. Particularly pertinent are eco- 
nomic studies made by Prof. Walter J. Meade, University of California, Santa 
Barbara; papers presented by the President of Deep Sea Ventures, Inc., and 
discussion comments by Willard Bascomb, by representatives of Kennecott 
Copper Co., and other persons actually involved in these ventures and 
explorations. 
21. “Petroleum Resources Under the Ocean Floor” National Petroleum Council, 
Department of the Interior, March, 1969, Washington, D.C. 
22. United Nations General Assembly, 28d session, “‘Report of the Ad Hoc 
Committee to Study the Peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor Beyond 
the Limits of National Jurisdiction’, A/7230, United Nations, New York, 1968. 
23. United Nations Economic and Social Council, Forty-fifth Session, ‘““Marine 
Science and Technology: Survey and Proposals” Report of the Secretary-General 
E/4487, 24 April, 1968, United Nations, New York. 
24. Meade, Walter J. “The System of Government Subsidies to the Oil In- 
dustry’, paper presented before the U.S. Senate Sub-Committee on Anti-Trust 
and Monopoly, March 11, 1969. 
25. While these statements are given concrete backing by the report of the 
National Petroleum Council (21 above) they were set out in greater detail by 
Dr. F. Gilman Blake, Chevron Research Corporation, in the course of panel dis- 
cussions at the Law of the Sea Institute, Kingston, Rhode Island, 26 June, 1969,. 
and will be printed in the Proceedings of that session. 
26. Fye, P. M., Maxwell, A. E.; Emery, K. O., and Ketchum, B. H., 1968, in 
“Uses of the Seas”, editor Edmund A. Gullion, the American Assembly, Prentice- 
Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. FAO gives the value of the world catch of fish 
and shellfish, at the fisherman’s level as about $9 billion in 1966 (Roy Jackson, 
personal communication). It has increased to about $10 billion in 1968. 
27. Schaefer, M. B. “The Potential Harvest of the Sea’, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 
(1965). 
28. Chapman, W. M. “Food from the Ocean” Proc. Fourteenth Annual Meeting,. 
Agric. Res. Inst., NAS/NRC, Washington, D.C. (1965). 
29. While controversies over international straits and passages are numerous. 
in history (see Heinzen, ref. 36 below), the recent controversies respecting the 
Suez Canal, the Panama Canal, the Gulf of Aquabba, the Straits of Malacca, the 
Cuban incident, the great tension in South Arabia, etc., serve to note that these 
same forces and inclinations by sovereigns are equally alive today. 
30. Barabolya, P. D., Bakhov, A. S.; Ivanashchenko, L. A., Kolesnik, D. N., 
Logunov, V. D., Molodtsov, S. V., and Nasinovskiy, Ye.N., “Manual of Inter- 
national Maritime Law”, Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense 
of the USSR, Moscow, 1966. 
31. Frosch, R. “Military Uses of the Ocean” in Papers Presented at the Second 
Conference on Law, Organization and Security in the Use of the Ocean, 7 Octo- 
ber, 1967, Mershon Social Science Center, The Ohio University. 
29. “Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the 
High Seas”, 1 U.S.T. 138, T.I.A.8. no. 5969, 559 U.N.-T.S. 285 (effective March 20, 
1966). 
a “Analytical Compendium of International Sea Fishery Bodies” FAO, Rome,. 
1969, (in press). L 
34. Dean, A. H. “Second Geneva Conference on the Law of the Sea: The Fight 
for Freedom of the Seas” 54, Am. Jour. Int. Law, 751 (October, 1960). 
35. Heinzen, B. G. “The Three-Mile Limit: Preserving the Freedom of the 
Seas”, Stanford Law Rev. 11, 597-664 (1959). 
36. “An Oceanic Quest: The International Decade of. Ocean Exploration”, 
NAS/NRC, Washington, D.C. 1969. 
87. “Global Ocean Research” Report of a Joint Working Party of the Advisory 
Committee on Marine Resources Research, the Scientific Committee on Oceanic 
Research, and the World Meteorological Organization, Ponza and Rome, 1 June, 
1969, La Jolla, California. 
28. Statement of Congressman Bob Wilson before the Sub-Committee on 
Oceanography of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, June, 
1969 (in press). 
