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continue adequate transportation and safety services and at the same time greatly 
expand the Marine Sciences program. 
In summary, BIA strongly supports the establishment of NOAA but we cannot 
support the recommendation of the Commission that the Coast Guard be trans- 
ferred to NOAA. We fear that such a transfer would gravely impair the vital 
role the Coast Guard now plays in marine safety and transportation, because of 
the essentially research oriented nature of NOAA. 
The BIA greatly appreciates the opportunity to appar before this Subcommit- 
tee, and compliments the Commission on Marine Science, Hngineering and 
Resources on its fine Report. One of our Board members played an active role 
in advising the Commission. 
STATEMENT OF Hoyt S. HaAppock, Executive Director, AFL-CIO MARITIME 
COMMITTEE 
My name is Hoyt 8S. Haddock and I am Executive Director of the AFL-CIO 
Maritime Committee. I am pleased to be able to present this statement to the 
Subcommittee on Oceanography of the House Merchant Marine and Fisheries 
Committee, in support of the objectives of H.R. 13247, a bill to amend the Marine 
Resources and Engineering Development Act of 1966 to establish a comprehensive 
and long-range national program of research, development, technical services, 
exploration and utilization with respect to our marine and atmospheric environ- 
ment, which you are now considering. 
The United States must provide positive leadership in the development of the 
oceans for peace. The United States has pursued piece-meal and at times back- 
ward approaches to the nation’s ocean problems. Programs for a merchant marine, 
deepsea fishing, naval power and oceanographic programs have proceeded with- 
out an overall concept to inform and guide them. The result has been far short of 
success in any field except perhaps naval power. This obviously does not meet the 
nation’s needs. 
How fully and wisely the United States uses the oceans in the decades ahead 
will affect profoundly our security, our economy, our ability to meet increasing 
demands for food and raw materials, our position and influence in the world com- 
munity and the quality of the environment in which we all live. 
It is ironic that in this as in other fields we cannot proceed to meet our known 
needs by logical progressive programs. We seem only to be able to rise to the occa- 
sion when threatened from the outside. For example, it took “Sputnik” to put us 
into the space program with purpose. 
Today, the Soviets are well on their way to building a tool (their merchant 
navy) to carry the foreign commerce of the world; control the political and eco- 
nomic life of every country; take vast amounts of protein from the oceans to 
feed the peoples in underdeveloped countries. Yet we continue to stumble along 
as though we know nothing about a merchant fleet, a fishing capability, an ability 
to farm and mine the oceans and exploit their vast resources for the good of man. 
Must we await a “JETNIK” of the oceans to spur us on to do the jobs that 
we know must be done? Can we not proceed now with orderly programs to use 
the oceans in a great drive for peace for all mankind? Certainly we will not 
unless we proceed now in an orderly manner to rebuild our merchant marine 
to carry a substantial portion of our foreign commerce. Certainly not unless we 
proceed to farm the oceans and take from them literally millions of tons of addi- 
tional food protein through a modern fishing fleet and sea farm system. Certainly 
not unless we embark now on unlocking the tremendous mineral resources which 
lie in and under the oceans now. 
The nation has available a great and tried tool to achieve the goals which we 
all know must be achieved, if we are to survive as a nation. The “tool” is the 
nation’s policy of developing dual purpose programs. 
Certainly one of the greatest acts of Congress, if not the greatest, was the 
passage of the 1936 Merchant Marine Act. The greatness of this Act lies in its 
establishing a dual purpose program. A program which provided that the: 
1. American merchant marine will be the tool to promote and protect 
our foreign commerce and serve the military in providing security for our 
nation; and 
2. Government will provide the U.S. merchant marine (including ship- 
building) with economic parity with ships of foreign nations. 
The 1936 Act created the conditions for an American merchant marine. Neither 
industry nor government would have done this job alone. We are confident that 
