1240 
if the executive branch had provided the administrative posture and climate 
called for by the Act, we would now have sufficient ships to meet the nation’s 
needs. Even with the half-hearted and interrupted administration of the Act, it 
is still a considerabie success. 
We are confident that every member of Congress recognizes that the great 
strides made in the space program would not have been possible without the 
fullest application of this dual purpose, cooperative principle between govern- 
ment and industry. The difference has been that the government gave every 
possible encouragement to the space program, while with the merchant marine 
and the oceanographic program there has been budgetary privation and discour- 
aging administrative effort. 
While we plunge headlong into space, from which the needs of mankind will 
not come, and while our great dual purpose merchant marine program is being 
scuttled and along with it a meaningful oceans program, the Soviets go ahead 
and imaginatively apply their own multi-purpose policy to the oceans. That is 
a program designed by the Soviets to provide them with “Seapower,” to control 
the oceans, their products and the commerce on them. A program which is well 
on its way. Unfortunately, we have not recognized this Soviet program as hay- 
ing equal or greater warning implications as “Sputnik’. We say this because 
it appears that our great nation cannot move meaningfully—except in fear. What 
we require apparently is some great progenitor of fear, to put us on a full scale 
program of exploration and development of the oceans. We will not have an 
oceans program until we have developed our merchant marine, our ocean fishing 
programs. We will not explore the oceans and provide our factories with the 
billions of tons of mineral and protein which lie in and under the oceans until 
we have an on-going multi-purpose program that has the complete backing of 
our government in full cooperation with American industry. 
With the merchant marine and fishing programs going forward properly with 
a multi-purpose oceans program we can unlock the secrets of the oceans and 
make them servants of mankind. For example, the Navy’s ocean programs for 
security must become multi-purpose. Thus, the knowledge already available to 
the military can be directed to the peaceful purposes of mankind. Thus the multi- 
purpose policy which Congress first announced in 1936 can and must be ‘the 
spring-board for ithe development of the ‘oceans. The government and industry 
can, through such multi-purpose programs, guarantee the people with their needs 
and strengthen the possibility of achieving peace,. which all mankind badly 
needs. 
In my preceding remarks I have emphasized the dual purpose that the Ameri- 
can merchant marine with which, until recent years, you gentlement and the 
industry of which I am a representative are most familiar. But through the dis- 
tinguished and outstanding efforts of the Congress and particularly this Com- 
mittee, we are being shown the way to further strength and perfection of our 
proper national posture in the oceans in the broadest possible sense. 
The fragmentation in the past of our ocean activities is now well on its way to 
being eliminated in favor of the words in the Declaration of Policy and Objec- 
tives in the Marine Resources and Development Act of 1966 in which it was. 
Stated : 
“Tt is hereby declared to be the policy of the United Sta'tes to develop, en- 
courage, and maintain a coordinated, comprehensive, and long-range na- 
tional program in marine science for the benefit of mankind to assist in pro- 
tection of health and property, enhancement of commerce, transportation, 
and national security, rehabilitation of our commercial fisheries, and in- 
creased utilization of these and other resources.”’ 
I believe the 1966 Marine Science Act will be a permanent monument to the 
patience and wisdom of its authors who worked so diligently for over seven 
years to establish a sound statutory base for an effective long-range marine 
program for the United States and indeed for all mankind. 
The National Council on Marine Resources and Engineering Development, 
under the Chairmanship of the Vice President, has coordinated on-going programs . 
among the numerous agencies and sub-agencies of government concerned in any 
serious way with marine affairs. The Commission on Marine Science, Engineer- 
ing and Resources, created by the 1966 Act, labored diligently for two full years. 
with its distinguished membership and consultation and advice with all of the 
expertise in the nation. The landmark report, “Our Nation and the Sea,’ re- 
leased in January of this year, is indeed a plan for national action. 
