185 
Recently, another such action occurred with the dumping of ar- 
senic in the northeast of Sardinia. There, again, the Government of 
Italy allocated immediately funds to get those products out of the 
ea. 
I would like to give the two decisions of the Italian governments 
as an example for the world. Finally, these governments have un- 
derstood that water was the last place to put toxic material. They 
allocated considerable sums of money already to be consistent with 
this opinion, and I think this should be emphasized everywhere 
and given as examples. 
We have other problems which are not so much talked about be- 
cause they touch military problems: The dumping of decommis- 
sioned nuclear subs and the dumping of nerve gas when the con- 
tainers are obsolete. I am not going to give here the solution for 
both, but these are very serious problems. If the Navy could consid- 
er dumping one or two nuclear subs, what an example for the 
other nations—the Russians, the French, the English. If everybody 
is dumping their obsolete nuclear subs with high levels of plutoni- 
um radioactivity, I think that would be a disaster. 
Some time ago, the American Army dumped nerve gas contain- 
ers on an old liberty ship in depths that are probably—I was not 
there—2,000 meters. Sooner or later, these containers are going to 
corrode and the nerve gas will be liberated. We had examples like 
this after World Wars I and II, where containers of gas finally 
opened up in the sea and where children bathing on the beaches 
were badly burned. With the nerve gas, it would even be more seri- 
ous. 
I am giving you these examples because recently scientists have 
discovered an enzyme that neutralizes this nerve gas. If instead of 
hurriedly dumping these nerve gas containers we had waited a 
little, technology always gives an answer, but we have to wait until 
the answer is given before we do the contamination. I think these 
examples should remain in our heads. 
I heard the chairman say that fish do not vote. I must say that 
the chairman of our advisory committee, Ed Wenk, was recently 
writing an article saying that fish do vote, because of the surge of 
public opinion that is behind them. 
To finish these statements, I would like to insist that we be re- 
sponsible to future generations. Pollution of any nation’s water is 
an international issue; it is not a local issue, and it is not a nation- 
al issue. The waters bathing the Antarctic Continent are already 
showing signs of pollution that originated in other parts of the 
world. While we were working along the eastern side of Venezuela, 
aboard Calypso we have clearly identified an upwelling, an ascend- 
ing current, of Antarctic waters that have traveled thousands of 
miles along the abyssal plains all the way from the Antarctic to 
the Equator. Nothing in the sea is provincial. Both use and abuse 
of the sea is of consequence to all people. That is why a global 
ocean policy must be established to define a common set of princi- 
ples and of rules for activities of individual nations and a fortiori 
for states and cities. 
The Pilatus syndrome—that is, dump it and wash you hands—is 
no longer an expediency. It has now developed into an entirely 
new, fundamental moral issue. What we dump out of sight in the 
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