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Mr. Biaacai. If we were monitoring that, we would then be in a 
position to know that this condition has developed, and then we 
could shift the dumping sites? 
Captain CousTEAu. Yes. What our society is wishing is new, in- 
ventive approaches to solve these problems, not a negative stand. 
We need technology. We need invention to go ahead with progress 
instead of dragging those wastes behind us. 
Mr. Biaaai. I got the impression you said the ideal approach was 
to remove contaminants at the source. 
Captain CousTEAU. Yes. 
Mr. Bracei. Then that would call upon all the resources of local 
government. 
Captain CousTEAu. If you want me to expand on that, all right. 
Looking at the moral picture, I do not believe that the villain is the 
industrial leader. The industry is not the villain. 
Mr. Braacai. Then who is? 
Captain Cousteau. Nobody is the villain. We face a new situa- 
tion, whereby progress, jobs creation, generates toxic products for 
the community that benefits from the jobs, and the community 
must also contribute to the purification. It is very simple. 
Mr. Bracat. If we are creating new forms of pollution, you said 
we should deal with it at the source. Then if I understand you cor- 
rectly, you are talking about creating some innovative techniques 
to deal with new forms of pollution at the time they are created. 
Captain CousTEAU. Suppose you have a papermill. The mill is 
dumping mercury in its water effluents. It is relatively easy to take 
that mercury off there. Once it is mixed into the sludge, you 
cannot do it; it would cost you a fortune to do it. A very small puri- 
fication plant would take the mercury out of the papermill. 
Mr. Biacai. We come full cycle at that point. 
Captain Coustrau. And that mercury could be recycled and 
would reduce the price of the purification. We do not do it just by 
neglect or by ignorance. 
Mr. Braaat. I think we agree, but I want to get it straight. I said 
go to the source, but the source for the most part has been indus- 
try. Over the years, no attention has been focused on this problem 
with any great emphasis until the last several decades, and then 
there has been a complete reversal in attitude. Most industry has 
been cooperative, trying to comply. But again, we do have illustra- 
tions where industry has not complied. So we really should be look- 
ing to local governments, local enforcement agencies, to deal with 
this problem to see that all industry does not pollute at the source. 
Captain CousTEAu. I must add, industry is not the only one. Hos- 
pitals have terrible waste. We have to purify there, too. 
Mr. Braaari. I am sure there is more than one industry involved. 
Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 
Mr. D’Amours. The gentleman from New Jersey who, in 1977, 
proposed the amendment that would have ended ocean dumping, 
Mr. Hughes. 
Mr. HuGues. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 
Welcome, Captain Cousteau. I gather from some of the studies 
and some of the reports I have seen that you have thoroughly stud- 
ied the waters around the world. I wonder how much experience 
you have had in American coastal waters? 
