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THE VALUES TO BE PROTECTED 
The ultimate concerns associated with impacts of the dredging-disposal pro- 
cess are the direct and indirect effects on biological communities and the 
ecosystems of which they are a part. Of the major living parts of the eco- 
system, viz., plankton, nekton, and benthos; it is the latter that are most 
likely to be impacted by dredged material disposal. It is anticipated that 
the “special care" measures of disposal mentioned in this paper will tend to 
isolate benthic organisms from the more serious impacts of dredged material 
disposal. : 
Consideration is also given to the role that "special care" measures can 
play in protecting the interests of those people whose living and/or recrea- 
tion are dependent upon a viable sea. It must be realized that IAPH is an 
arm of the people and as such that it has vital economic concerns. Never- 
theless, by "special care" measures it seeks to solve its dredging problem 
while protecting the relevant interests of society. 
ANNEXES I AND II: THE BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION 
The Convention seeks to protect the marine environment by applying dumping 
restrictions to wastes having particular properties. Article IV (a) of the 
Convention prohibits the dumping of a waste listed in Annex I unless it is 
rapidly rendered harmless upon disposal or contains this waste as only a 
trace contaminant. The issue of concern to IAPH is that Annex I inight be 
construed to categorically prohibit the ocean dumping of dredged material 
containing Annex I substances even though the dredging may be essential and 
there are no practicable alternative means. 
IAPH submits that consideration should be given to whether, through use of 
“special care" measures, the dredged material containing Annex I substances 
may be safely disposed at sea, as in the case of substances permitted to be 
dumped under Annex II. The focus of this consideration is on "techniques" 
in dumping, rather than upon the “intrinsic properties" of the material to 
be dumped. 
