86 



periodic analysis of the quantity and quality of the sludges dumped and the physical 

 fate of the sludge up to four hours of its disposal. 



A first estimate of annual costs for the oceanographic monitoring described above, 

 based on roughly 30 days of ship time throughout the year and support for senior 

 investigators and their staffs for water chemistry, planktonic biology, fish tissue 

 analysis, sediment trap work, and benthic biology, is about $750,000. 



Regional fisheries resource surveys carried out under the Marine Resources Moni- 

 toring, Assessment, and Prediction (MARMAP) program of the National Marine 

 Fisheries Service (NMFS) and regional environmental quality monitoring programs, 

 such as the Northeast Monitoring Program (NEMP) of NMFS and the National 

 Ocean Service, could provide information useful for assessing the large-scale, long- 

 term effects on fisheries productivity in the Northwest Atlantic from ocean dump- 

 ing at the 106-mile site. These existing programs could be modified to include addi- 

 tional work at the 106-mile site. However, ocean dumping even 7 million tons of 

 sewage sludge at the 106-mile site is a small scale event relative to the dynamics of 

 fish populations. The effects of ocean dumping would be more apparent in the types 

 of measurements detailed above, rather than from large-scale monitoring and as- 

 sessment programs like MARMAP and NEMP. 



Mr. Hughes. One additional thing, if I may. 



Mr. D' Amours. Yes. 



Mr. Hughes. I wonder if the panel would also submit for the 

 record some comments on the question of whether or not Delaware, 

 Maryland, and Virginia, in particular, would be more impacted by 

 continued dumping at the 12-mile site or the 106-mile site. That 

 seems to be a very key issue. There are misperceptions about that 

 and that would be helpful. 



Mr. ScHATZOW. We would be happy to do that. 



[The information follows:] 



Dumping Impact on Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia 



As to the question of whether or not Delaware, Maryland, or Virginia would be 

 more impacted by continued dumping at the 12-mile site or by dumping at the 106- 

 mile site, it is of our opinion that the coastlines of none of these sites would be im- 

 pacted by dumping at either site. We base our reason on the historical data availa- 

 ble from the extensive monitoring of the former Philadelphia sludge dumpsite. 



From 1973 to 1980, the City of Philadelphia dumped sewage sludge at a site 35 

 miles due east of the Delaware/ Maryland state line. The area around this dumpsite 

 was monitored quarterly by EPA during this entire period. While some effects were 

 detected at the dumpsite, there was no impact on any state shoreline from this 

 dumping. Since the 12-mile site and the 106-mile site are much further removed geo- 

 graphically from the shorelines than the Philadelphia dumpsite, EPA believes that 

 there would be no shoreline impacts on these states from either site. 



Mr. D' Amours. We have finished with this panel. We will return 

 immediately after this vote. I am required to be somewhere else for 

 a short period of time. Mr. Hughes will chair when we return. 



We will hear the next witnesses, Mr. Kamlet, and Mr. Lahey, as 

 a panel. After we finish the questioning of that panel, we will 

 break until 2 for lunch. So if you would all come right back, I 

 would very much appreciate it. 



[Brief recess.] 



Mr. Hughes [presiding]. The committee will come to order. 



Our next witnesses will consist of a panel comprising Mr. Ken- 

 neth Kamlet, Director, Pollution and Toxic Substances Division, 

 National Wildlife Federation; and William Lahey, research fellow, 

 marine policy and ocean management program. Woods Hole Ocean- 

 ographic Institution. 



