34 



Orbit radii. — Aime (1839) observed upright ellipses off the coast of 

 Algeria. De Caligny (1843) and Hagen (1861) found that water 

 particles in shallow water traveled in paths resembling but distinctly 

 different from the ordinary ellipse. 



Mitchim at the University of California in 1939 made 114 observa- 

 tions of deep-water waves and found an average difference of 8.2 

 percent between laboratory wave and theory. 



Mass transport. — Mitchim in his 1939 study found a qualitative 

 verification of the theory of mass transport for 142 observations in 

 the University of California laboratory wave tank. 



