Comparison of the two provides some indication of the sup- 

 port the various issues received. It should be noted that the 

 order and grouping of the principles is different from the re- 

 port in order to facilitate comparison; there was no indication 

 that the original listings were ordinal. Most of the principles 

 have been paraphrased. 



The general principles were: 



1. The sea-bed is the common heritage of mankind 

 and no State may claim or exercise sovereignty over 

 any part presently outside the limits of present 

 national jurisdiction. 



The term "sea-bed" refers to the sea-bed, ocean 

 floor and the subsoil thereof, outside the limits of 

 present national jurisdiction. 



2. The exploration, use, and exploitation of the sea- 

 bed shall be exclusively for peaceful purposes. 



3. Exploration and use will be carried on in accord- 

 ance with the U. N. Charter and an international 

 regime should be established to maintain peace 

 and security, to respect territorial integrity and 

 interests of the coastal States, and to promote 

 economic development particularly of the coastal 

 and land-locked developing countries. 



The use shall be carried out for the benefit and in 

 the interest of mankind. 



The international regime shall consider suitable in- 

 ternational machinery to apply the benefits appro- 

 priately and equitably for the economic, social, 

 scientific, and technological progress of develop- 

 ing countries. 



4. All activities in the sea-bed shall conform to the 

 following guidelines, aimed at protecting the right- 

 ful interest of other States : 



— no impediments to navigation, fishing, or the 



laying and maintenance of cables and pipelines 

 — coastal States closest to the activities shall be 



consulted 

 — must take into account detrimental economic 



effects on developing countries 

 — use appropriate safety measures and cooperate 



in case of mishap 

 — avoid pollution of waters 

 — no damage to animal and plant life 

 — damages caused entail liability 



5. The sea-bed shall be open to scientific investigation, 

 without discrimination, and States shall foster in- 

 ternational cooperation to allow access and dis- 



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