3) 
TRANSFER OF U.S. MARINE TECHNOLOGY TO THE SOVIET UNION 
Soviet Union has purchased large amounts of U.S. technology 
directly from the United States and from Western countries which 
acquired the technology from us. Much of this technology was applied 
to the development of a multipurpose merchant marine, e.g. Seabee 
front loading cargo carriers which is in direct competition with Amer- 
ican flag vessels. 
Pursuit of the policy of détente has made it even easier for the 
Soviet Union to acquire our technology to use in competition with 
us. 
POLICY-RELEVANT LESSONS FROM THE SOVIETS 
American political system and form of government limits the appli- 
cation of the Soviet approach to the solution of our oceans problems. 
Principal feature which needs emulation is the creation of a high- 
level policy body within the Executive Office of the President to 
establish and pursue a rational national ocean policy—this is analogous 
to the Politburo’s function. 
Reorganization of the executive agencies is indicated to provide 
better coordination of that national ocean policy once it is established 
by the Executive and authorized by the Congress. 
Trends indicate that the Soviet Union is overtaking, and in some 
cases surpassing, the United States in several areas of ocean activities, 
e.g., merchant marine, fisheries, and marine science. A national com- 
mitment and pursual of a sound ocean policy seems to be the com- 
bination which gives the U.S.S.R. the edge in these areas. 
Debate on differing philosophies on how the capital Navy is to 
be structured in the United States has created a hiatus where we 
have no policy or strategy at all. Once more, within the Navy itself 
there seems to be little capacity to develop alternative strategies in 
structuring a fighting force capable of matching our foreign policy. 
These differences must be resolved quickly and in parity with our 
other national objectives for use of the oceans. 
