KT. 
strategic targets of the enemy deep in his territory from different directions.” 
(73/2/19/8-9: 130/1/1-2)! (2). “*. . . the basic mission of navies . . . in a worldwide 
nuclear war is their participation in the attacks of the country’s strategic nuclear 
forces [together with two other tasks]” (73/2/21/8: 131/2/2) 
The third reference is longer and more explicit: 
“A” “(The] foreign and domestic preconditions . . . have had a considerable 
effect on the formation of views on [the navy’s] role in modern warfare. Thus, 
in connection with the equipping of the navy with strategic nuclear weapons, 
the navy is objectively acquiring the capability not only of participating in the 
crushing of the enemy’s military economic potential, but also in becoming a most 
important factor in deterring his nuclear attack. 
In this connection, missile-carrying submarines, owing to their great survivability 
in comparison with land-based installations, are an even more effective means 
of deterrence .. .” (73/2/21/2-—3: 131/1/2-3) 
From these three quotations we can draw two conclusions: (1) the navy had an 
existing capability to strike at military-economic targets, a war-fighting mission; (2) 
it was acquiring the capability to serve as a means of deterrence. In ‘“‘A,’’ Gorshkov 
implicitly acknowledges that at the time of writing in 1971-72, the SSBN was not 
yet an important factor in deterring nuclear attack. The new capability being acquired 
presumably refers to the Delta SSBN, the first of which would begin to enter service 
in 1973. 
THE SOVIET NAVY LINKED WITH THE STRATEGIC ROCKET FORCES—ONE 
Gorshkov directly links the SRF and the Soviet Navy in a specific role on three 
separate occasions, and on two of these he makes use of the term oborona. There 
is a tendency to assume that the link with SRF implies SSBN, but all three references 
provide evidence to the contrary. We should note that included among the SRF’s 
wartime mission is the task of destroying ‘“‘“enemy means of nuclear attack and troops 
and naval groupings in theaters of military operations on land and sea.”’? 
The following quotation comes from Gorshkov’s final chapter, and is the paragraph 
immediately following that comprising quotation ‘‘A.’’ The physical layout of the page, 
the context and the actual content of this paragraph make it clear that it is addressing 
a different subject to that in ‘“‘A,” which is concerned with the capacity for strategic 
strike against targets on land. 
“B”’ “Only our powerful Armed Forces capable of blocking the unrestrained 
expansionism displayed today all over the world by imperialism can deter its aggres- 
siveness. In addition, of course, to the Strategic Rocket Forces, it is the Navy 
which is this kind of force, capable in peacetime of visibly demonstrating to 
the peoples of friendly and hostile countries, not only the power of military equip- 
ment and the perfection of naval ships, embodying the technical and military 
might of the state, but also its readiness to use this force in defense (zashchita) 
of the state interests of our nations or for the security of socialist countries.” 
(73/2/21/4: 131/1/4) 
There are four points to be drawn from this quotation: (1) the navy is defined 
as the “kind of force’? which can deter imperialist expansion/aggression (2) the navy 
already has this capability; (3) the navy is linked with the SRF in this role; and 
(4) the navy is described in terms which exclude SSBN being involved. 
From a comparison of the two quotations “‘A"’ and ‘‘B,” we can draw the conclusion 
that in each paragraph Gorshkov is speaking about a different kind of deterrence: 
‘‘A,”’ deterring the enemy’s nuclear attacks on Russia; and ‘‘B,” deterring imperialist 
aggression in other parts of the world. 
THE SOVIET NAVY LINKED WITH THE STRATEGIC ROCKET FORCES—TWO 
The SRF is again linked with the Soviet Navy toward the beginning of the chapter 
entitled ‘“‘Navies as a Weapon of the Aggressive Policies of the Imperialist States 
in Peacetime.’’ Gorshkov has been explaining how the Soviet acquisition of nuclear 
weapons denied the imperialist powers “the material basis for conducting a policy 
of nuclear blackmail; a policy of ‘from a position of strength’ vis-a-vis the Socialist 
countries.”’ (72/12/14/2: 114/2/2) He goes on to describe how the U.S.S.R and other 
Socialist countries have stood as an immovable force in the path of U.S. imperialist 
aspirations, and two paragraphs further on says: 
"References to Morskoj sbornik follow immediately in the text, and are shown as 
(Y ear/Issue/Page/Paragraph: USNIP Page/Column/Paragraph). 
?Marshall of the S.U. A. A. Grechko, “‘A Socialist, Multinational Army,’’ Krasnaya zvezda 
December 17, 1972. 
