246 
The State Committee for Science and Technology has responsibili- 
ties in ocean management. In 1961 the Science Council on Ocean 
Research and Uses of Ocean Resources (sometimes referred to as 
the Scientific Council for the Study of Oceans and Seas, or the Na- 
tional Council for the Utilization of the Resources of the Sea) was 
established.!*? It is composed of members from the Soviet Ministries 
of Defense, Fisheries, Geology, Transport, and the Academy of 
Sciences, and other agencies with maritime interests. It is divided 
into a central bureau and sections and in the mid-1960’s was headed 
by Academician K. E. Fedorov,’*-who has been chief of the Main 
Administration of the Hydrometeriological Services since 1962. The 
Science Council on Ocean Research is a relatively high level body 
involved in organizational questions, and to some extent, financing 
research. It makes recommendations to other agencies and ministries 
and receives and distributes information. Some writers described it 
and the State Committee as the group with central jurisdiction over 
the budget and planning of all oceanographic programs and in control 
of the allocation of resources and research work in the area.'*4 Others 
view it as a coordinating center for Soviet oceanographic and related 
work.!*> According to Soviet sources, the State Committee for Science 
and Technology and the Science Council on Ocean Research has 
leadership responsibility for large organizational and _ technological 
tasks related to the economic development of ocean resources, but 
it does not actually discuss scientific problems.'*° 
Friction exists in the division of responsibilities for ocean science 
policy and management. The Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of 
Fisheries, the Ministry for the Maritime Fleet, the Navy and the 
Hydrometeorological Service all have central oceanological institutes 
and associated basin institutes for conducting ocean research. Accord- 
ing to A. Monin, the Director of the Institute of Oceanology of the 
U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, the State Committee’s functions in 
ocean research should be abolished. Monin writes that although the 
bureau and commissions of the Science Council on Ocean Research 
and the State Committee for Science and Technology conduct “useful 
organizational work,” the Council does not discuss scientific problems. 
The “ . . . Academy of Sciences exercises leadership in oceanology, 
as one of the fundamental branches of science, and the Science Coun- 
cil should be transferred to the Academy of Sciences and united 
with the Oceanographic Commission of the Section of Earth 
Sciences.’’'37 Other writers criticize suggestions for expanding the 
powers of either the State Committee’s or the Academy of Sciences 
councils which are presently described as only consulative bodies with 
no administrative or coordinating powers. '*8 
A complete description of the Science Council’s work in the ocean 
field is not available. According to Soviet articles, it conducts studies 
‘82 Dobrovol'skiy, ‘Fifty Years of Soviet Oceanology,” p. 652. Zaleski, p. 60. 
133 Zaleski, p. 127. 
134U S. Congress, House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Report on the Soviets and 
Soe ata of a Congressional Delegation to Poland and the Soviet Union, 89th Cong., 2d sess., 
aS Shadrin, Development of Soviet Maritime Power, p. 498. 
136A Monin (Director of the Institute of Oceanology), ““Two thirds of the World,”’ Pravda, May 
11, 1969. 
'S7 Ibid. 
138 Organizatsionno-pravovye voprosy, p. 117. 
