249 
Moscow and Leningrad Universities, institutes of the Ministry of Fish- 
eries, the Navy, and the Hydrometeorological Service. Twenty-four 
of these members act to form the Commission’s Bureau.'*’ A large 
part of the Commission’s work involves publication of the journal 
““Oceanology,’’ as well as specialized research collections. The Com- 
mission also works to prepare the Five-Year Plan for the study of 
oceans and seas, and define the basic course of scientific trends in 
ocean research.'** In addition, the Commission represents a body 
called the National Committee of Soviet Oceanographers in interna- 
tional forums. The National Committee apparantly meets periodically 
to discuss issues and define positions.'*? As was noted earlier, a Soviet 
scientist in 1969 proposed to further increase the Commission’s power 
by transferring the responsibilities of the State Committee for Science 
and Techology in ocean issues to the Oceanographic Commission.'”° ik 
The Oceanographic Commission relies on the work of its specialized 
sections which are expanded in number as new areas are brought 
into study. In 1969 there were 10 sections covering about 200 scien- 
tific bodies and institutions of higher education.’*! The range of topics 
includes marine research methods, underwater research, study of sea 
coasts and estuaries, geophysics and geotectonics of the ocean floor, 
as well as a working group on oceanographic tables and standards. 
In 1970 two new sections were added, one on ocean geography for 
the purpose of encouraging broad scale studies, and one on the con- 
tinental shelf for studying the formations of marine sediments.’? Each 
section is headed by a chairman and a bureau. The sections periodi- 
cally organize conferences with participants from other agencies. Nu- 
merous scientific institutes and planning and design organizations may 
be working in a field. The section will call meetings to coordinate 
research in the field, promote development and popularize it, generate 
funding and the development of research and methods.'*? Conferences 
will usually include representatives from several dozen organizations.'** 
Much of the basic oceanographic research is conducted by the 
Academy of Sciences. The Institute of Oceanology of the Academy 
of Sciences U.S.S.R. (now known as the P. P. Shirshov Institute of 
Oceanology) was reorganized by a government decree in 1945 to 
plan and conduct research operations. The Institute of Oceanology 
works in close cooperation with many other organizations. An active 
M47Ibid. The career pattern of one member of the Bureau, I. S. Isakov, is illustrative of the spe- 
cialization and overlapping organizational affiliations. In the course of his career Isakov was an Ad- 
miral of the Soviet fleet, an oceanographer, a Deputy Chairman of the Oceanographic Commission, 
and Deputy Minister of the Maritime Fleet. See ‘“‘Obituary—Ivan Stepanovich Isakov, Oceanology, 
no. 1 (1968), pp. 139-40 and Shadrin, ‘“‘Development of Soviet Maritime Power”, p. 343 citing 
TsNIIMF Transactions, Vol. 133, pp. 7-10. 
48 AD. Dobrovol’skiy, ‘Oceanographic Commission of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences During 
1969,” Oceanology, no. 5 (1970), p. 732. 
M497 A. Zenkevich, et al., ‘“‘The Scientific Basis of the 10 Year Global Oceanic Research Pro- 
gram,’ Oceanology, no. 5 (1968), p. 625. L. A. Zenkevich, ““The Work of the Oceanographic Com- 
mittee in 1968,” pp. 446-8. A. D. Dobrovol’skiy, ““Oceanographic Commission of the U-S.S.R. 
Academy of Sciences During 1969,” pp. 730-33. 
159 A. Monin. 
51 L.A. Zenkevich, ““The Work of the Oceanographic Committee in 1968,” pp. 446-9. 
152 Dobrovok’skiy, “Oceanographic Commission of the U.S.S-.R. Academy of Sciences During 
1969,” pp. 730-733. 
153Q_B. Mokiyevskiy, ““Underwater Research Section of the Oceanographic Committee, U-S.S.R. 
Academy of Sciences,’ Oceanology, no. 3 (1966), p. 450. 
44The organizational meeting of the Section on Geography was held in 1970 and included 
representatives from thirty-seven organizations. Sce A. D. Dobrovol’skiy, *“Twenty years of Work by 
the Oceanographic Commission of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences,’ Oceanology, no. 5 (1971), 
pp. 755-7. 
