270 
Conjectured lines of authority, based on a collation of data from 
the following sources: 
(1)4! Yu. P. Petrov, Construction of Political Organs, Voenizdat, 
1968. 
Officers’ Handbook, Voenizdat, 1971 
V. D. Sokolovsky, “‘Military Strategy,” 3d edition, Voenizdat, 
1968 
S. S. Lototsky, Army of the Soviets, Politizdat, 1969 
50 Years of the Armed Forces of the U.S.S.R., Voenizdat, 
1968 
50 Years of the Soviet Armed Forces, Voenizdat, 1967 
Oleg Penkovsky, Penkovsky Papers, Doubleday, New York, 
1965 
(2) Charts presented to Dalhousie University’s 1974 Maritime 
Seminar, prepared by John McDonnell of Dalhousie University, 
and James McConnell, of the Center for Naval Analyses, Arling- 
ton, Va. (To be published, with other conference papers, by 
Praeger Publishers, New York.) 
(3) This author’s personal sources. 
Caution: (a) The chart necessarily reflects an element of conjecture, 
and should not be regarded as definitive, or exclusive. 
(b) The constricted nature of the space available has produced 
some anomalies. Thus the fact that the Institute of Marxism-Leninism 
and the Academy of Social Sciences, for example, appear ‘‘above” 
the Council of Ministers and the Academy of Sciences does of course 
not reflect on relative importance; so also with the apparent location 
of the defense industries, ‘‘below”’ i.e. PVO District Military Councils. 
One should note only the lines of authority, the delineation of which 
has been the sole object of this exercise. 
(c) As indicated, the chart makes no pretense to be exhaustive; 
it delineates only those lines of major concern to strategic decision- 
making. Thus there are obviously lines to be drawn between the 
KGB, for example, and most of the other bodies, be they military 
or i.e. Academy Sciences related. But while such lines might be crucial 
to other investigative endeavors, they are not so to ours. 
41See H. Fast Scott's ““Conjectured Leadership of the U.S.S.R.”’ (1974), S.R.I., for chart based on 
the sources here enumerated. 
