280 
other physical and chemical factors—experiments show that the future: 
of fishing belongs to artificially created concentrations of fish, which 
can be called stimulated fishing—it is important to study the biological 
bases of fish concentration—how concentration depends on the power 
of stimulators, the effective range of various stimulators, the 
procedures for setting up various fields (electric, light, etc.) of certain 
strength and directivity—great significance will have to be attached 
to selective catching—by differentially stimulating fish of various sizes 
and ages and by varying the selectivity of the fishing tackle—one 
of the pieces of new fishing equipment will be a type of floating 
fish pump with selectivity devices—(and) floating and stationary 
storm-proof catchers-collectors, set up in various parts of the seas.” © 
“the volume of the hydrosphere depths producing biological 
products is at least a thousand times greater than the volume of 
the globe’s soil producing the green plant mass. For instance, just 
the annual ‘crop’ of the sea weed amounts to 500,000 million tons—.”’7° ' 
There are Arctic Ocean “astures” of mollusks and algae “half 
a kilogram per square meter at shallow depths.—Marine agronomists 
(will) cultivate plants by the year 2000.”’ One can envisage underwater 
“trolley buses” harvesting ocean-floor “pastures.” ‘“‘The world ocean 
can provide food for 30,000 million people.” ” 
And quite apart from fish, crustaceans (lobsters, crabs, and shrimps)! 
and mollusks (clams, oysters, and scallops), there is the amazing krill, 
a 2%-inch long “‘shrimplike creature.’’** The sum total world harvest 
of the former categories of species, currently less than 70 million 
metric tons annually,” may be contrasted to Soviet scientific estimates 
that the krill stock of Antartica lies somewhere between 800 million, 
and 5 billion metric tons. As suggested by Kyo Yui of the Japan 
Marine Resources Research Centre: “‘krill—is the biggest source of 
animal protein left in the world today.’’” It is furthermore reported’ 
to have considerable medical promise.”* And finally, its tough skin 
can be converted ‘‘by a simple chemical process into chitosan, for 
which about a thousand industrial uses exist—(i.e.) to accelerate the 
healing of wounds, as a baby food component, or in the manufacture 
of paper.’’”” 
While krill appears to travel in huge schools, each containing 
between 5,000 and 100,000 tons of krill, with a density of up to 
30 pounds per cubic meter (10-12 tons of krill an hour have been 
caught by Soviet and Japanese vessels), harvesting remains proble- 
matic. Krill must be “either cooked or frozen (on board) within 
2 hours or autolysis (deterioration by self digestion, caused by highly 
active enzymes in the krill’s organs) will set in.”’78 Locating the schools 
69 “Scientific Fish-Catching Methods in the U.S.S.R.,”’ A.P.N. release (not numbered). 
70 Zenkevich, op. cit. 
™ A. Vinogradov, ‘“‘Ocean in the Year 2000,’’ Novosti 201H4922/B (from Vodni Transport). 
72 Lobanov, op. cit. 
78 Patti Hagan, “The Singular Krill," The New York Times Magazine, March 9, 1975. The below is 
based on this article. For further information see e.g., Milan Kravanja, op. cit. 
™ Hagan, Ibid.: for corrective and elaboration, see ‘‘Letters,"" The New York Times Magazine, 
April 6, 1975. 
™ In Hagan, Ibid. 
76 Ibid. For humans as re i.e., hyperacid ulcers and atherosclerosis; and animals, for improved 
weight increase rates and hemoglobin contents. 
"7 Ibid. 
78 Ibid. 
