436 
to 70,000.27 About 90,000 graduates were employed in the fishing 
industry in 1971 and, by 1975, their number has probably grown 
to 130,000 persons. 
Of the 90,000 graduates of secondary and higher fisheries schools 
in 1971, slightly fewer than 50 percent (42,000) were employed 
aboard vessels of the fishing fleet.2> (This compares to 30,000 out 
of 70,000 graduates in 1968.76) They serve as captains, mechanics, 
and navigators of the fleet. 
About 50 percent of the specialists with a higher education, and 
70 percent of those with a secondary education, work in the Northern, 
Far Eastern, and Western Fisheries Administrations. Over 90 percent 
of all captains of large Soviet fishing and fishery support vessels are 
either secondary or higher school graduates. The Soviets, however, 
admit that there are still many positions requiring high technical skills 
which are held by persons without formal fisheries education. 
b. Professors. 
There is no figure available on the total number of professors in 
Soviet secondary and higher fisheries schools, but it can be estimated. 
In the Western Fisheries Administration (Zapryba), there are 220 
full-time professors for approximately 4,000 students in the 5 second- 
ary fishery schools.” This is a faculty-student ratio of about 19:1. 
The ‘‘tekhnikum” in Astrakhan employs 95 full-time professors for 
about 2,500 students. This represents a faculty-student ratio of 26:1. 
Based on the above data and the fact that class sizes vary from 
20 to 30 students, an estimated faculty-student ratio of 20-25:1 is 
probably realistic. This would mean that about 2,500-3,000 full-time 
faculty members teach in Soviet fishery schools and that as many 
as 7,00G assistants are part-time instructors. 
It is interesting to note that of the 220 professors in Zapryba, 
110 belong to the Communist Party.?” This is an unusually high per- 
centage 7° and, if it holds true in the other Administrations, it would 
indicate that the Fisheries Ministry wants strong party leanings instilled 
in the future officers of its high seas fishing fleet. With the large 
investments in fishing vessels, and the fact that they are far away, 
off foreign shores, for long periods of time, this is not surprising. 
c. Budget. 
Very little is known about the budgetary allocations for fisheries 
education in the U.S.S.R. One visitor reported that the Fisheries Minis- 
try budgeted about 22 million rubles for its fishery schools in 1966. 
The budget of the Nakhodka Secondary Fishery School was over 
2 million rubles in 1973. Administrators of the school estimated that 
the cost of a year of education for one full-time secondary fishery 
school student was about 1,000 rubles. The Astrakhan Secondary 
Coastal Fishery School had about 1,000 full-time students and an 
annual budget of over 8 million rubles in mid-1966. This would give 
an expenditure of about 800 rubles per student per year. 
25 Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, April 1971 and May 1973. 
26 Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, January 1968, p. 86. 
27 Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, June 1974. 
28In the entire U.S.S.R. there were 14.8 million Communist Party members in 1973, or 6 percent 
of the population. 
