467 
access to resources of special interest to U.S. fishermen, such as 
halibut, crab, shrimp, and Pacific ocean perch. 
Catch quotas have also been allocated to the Soviets and other 
countries fishing in the area in an attempt to control overfishing. 
The United States has been successful in obtaining significant control 
over the Soviet Pacific fisheries during negotiations held in Washing- 
ton, D.C. in July 1975 (see summary of negotiations—Fig. 1), but 
many problems remain. These problems shall be discussed later. 
SOVIET FISHERIES IN THE NORTHWEST ATLANTIC 
At about the same time that the Soviets began to expand their 
fishing operations in the Northeastern Pacific, in the early 1960’s, 
they also began to fish in waters adjacent to the U.S. coast in the 
Northwest Atlantic. In 1961, the Soviets started fishing on Georges 
Bank, a ground which has been traditionally fished by New England 
fishermen for species such as cod and haddock. The rapid growth 
of the Soviet fisheries in the ensuing decade has been remarkable 
and, unfortunately, devastating to the U.S. fisheries. Their uncontrolled 
growth, combined with the entry into the fisheries off the U.S. coast 
of a multitude of other countries has caused a crisis in the Northwest 
Atlantic fisheries in terms of overfishing and severe economic disloca- 
tions for U.S. coastal fishermen. Many resources, once plentiful and 
which were almost exclusively harvested by U.S. fishermen for 
decades, such as cod, haddock, and herring, have been depleted as 
a result of foreign fishing. 
Of the 17 nations fishing off the U.S. Atlantic coast, the fishing 
fleet of the Soviet Union is by far the largest, followed by Poland 
and East Germany. The magnitude of the foreign fishing operations 
can readily be seen by the sightings of foreign vessels made in 1974 
by the U.S. Coast Guard in the area known as Sub-Area 5 of the 
International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries 
(ICNAF). (See table 1 below.) 
TABLE |.—Foreign fishing and fishery support vessels sighted in the Northwest 
Atlantic off the U.S. coast (subarea 3 of ICNAF) during 1974. 
Type of vessel 
Country 
Stern Medium Support Total 
SaurenUiniont= sta r7aes frien). Ha eee recy Leyte 484 362 131 977 
Eo land peepee teatime Ween er ee Re Ne Co ue wee 133 48 24 205 
BastGenmany © renere bey. bial untae Une OP abl cet elt eee pe 68 79 13 160 
Bulvartamre oie. ues) ws ree beanies Dae td Scene el ok. US pened: fia 2 15 
IROMANIASE See hee NP RReT SOE Wak eh BASE MEE ela OP eo Abeer aere ene Nene Ms 14 
(Cob anene ase Caml the Ck i Skat ye tke 4 CBOE POE Pi LE 2A GSP SERIE I OS LENG PR ea ARE AE Oe 
MotalweAstenmMEULOpes. sae see ene eee eee 712 489 170 1,371 
RederaluRepn bic ofiG eim an ype a eee AN AL ee 6 47 
PPV T | tay tied 2, See a eee oa SA Agel Ty element «: Bae 74 Ont ee 167 
INO WAV eee Bee re eae sR Oe es oe ee TS Se a ie ee 2 eee Re eee cam eae le ale oe 
Ce lari pment a ere Mae tale ha ee a ee Se Pe ek RR ee Pca 2 Bele oe 
Gree Corea eta wt ts cs BALD eb peg ei ns us Se PEP ay | cee ey) Oe ae ee. EE ers | 
Ay AD AN teat a RN ee a pao ee en pa Ne ee 52 23 1 76 
STACI Ra Se Sekt ee  eWORE RP ur AURARS DOSE ES Ace ete. Se ee PERE SN Re Re Ces og the aed ae FOS 
[RatSn So ok BLS Poe eRe op FR ee eee et ORE eo ee Diet Se Ce tees ee 2 
PUREST: FE Sal Seah, me Ve pe ee ed ARE: Splteldt Nun. Wiles as 3 eA Bi oes 1 6 
Brtishipee mes Pepe eeok Me St Seah te Pee SITs eye ree (eR OCs. 6» Laetps 14595 eee 6 
Wtalianee De ee Pee Bei ante ey Oy on Oe Sea ete. ce 20 jleyaaes 21 
Motalfother 2222 - eu. sacked ee _byece bere 201 117 8 326 
Grandhto tal eee a eS 913 606 178 1,697 
Figures are the sum of monthly sightings including duplicate sightings. 
69-315 O - 76 -- 31 
