520 
There continue to be accounts in Soviet newspapers about the use 
of algae for poultry and livestock feed. In one poultry farm, the 
algae is cultivated in 25 metallic bins. Three men are required for 
the maintenance of some 5 tons of suspension to support 150,000 
chickens. Egg productivity has increased 2.3 percent and growth has 
been significantly accelerated. Cows are also given up to 8 kilograms 
of Chlorella suspension daily.”' 
In the region of Tbilissi, the cost of producing 1 cubic meter of 
Chlorella in the first year was 3.5 rubles.227 When used as a feed, 
it increased the body weight of cattle and pigs by 10 to 12 percent. 
All outlays for equipment were paid for within a year. There are 
now plans to build some 60 Chlorella cultivation stations throughout 
the U.S.S.R.?8 
According to the Institute of Economics, Academy of Sciences, 
UzbekS.S.R., the use of Chlorella as an animal feed since 1963 has 
resulted in a 250 million ruble clear profit per year. 4 
Besides its use as a livestock feed, other applications of algae are 
being investigated in the Soviet Union and East European countries. 
A Soviet health resort uses a Chlorella extract to treat serious cases 
of skin disease. In Czechoslovakia Chlorella is being used to treat 
burns and other afflictions. It is being used for fish farming in the 
Soviet Union as a source of food for herbivorous fish and for sewage 
treatment. According to Soviet Scientists, prospects are good for 
developing new food products for man, although extensive research 
is still needed in this field. Finally, the Soviet Union is vigorously 
pursuing the development of biological life support systems for future 
manned spacecraft in which Chlorella will be the critical link, produc- 
ing both oxygen and nutrition. 7° 7627 
From the above, it is evident that algae cultivation is already making 
a significant contribution to Soviet agriculture as a livestock feed 
and that its future role in other aspects of the Soviet economy can 
be expected to increase in the future. 
DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY 
According to Ovchynnyk,”* future trends in fish culture have been 
projected in Soviet economic plans (5-year plans). Future emphasis 
in fish culture will be on the following subjects: 
1. Improvement of biological technology, particularly with re- 
gard to sturgeon culture; 
2. Increasing the quantity and quality of young fish released 
in the wild by increasing the time of rearing in hatcheries to 
increase survivability after release; 
21 Unsigned. Rural Life (U.S.S.R.), Dec. 27, 1974, p. 2. 
22 One ruble equals approximately U.S. $1.11 according to the official exchange rate. 
23 Unsigned. Soviet Russia. Oct. 11, 1974, p. 4. 
24 Unsigned. Technology and Youth (U.S.S.R.), December 1974, 24-25. 
25 Unsigned. Soviet Chlorella research. op. cit. 
26 Unsigned. Burgeoning Soviet Chlorella farm. op. cit. 1k 
27 Unsigned, A cosmonaut in symbiosis with Chlorella. New Scientist. August 15, 1974, p. 376. 
28 Ovchynnyk, M. Soviet Fish Culture. Op. cit. 
