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3. Better planning of the locations and times for the release 
of young fish into the wild; 
4. Wider application of polyculture; 
5. Increasing emphasis on selective breeding and genetics (in 
unselected breeding of carp, one female can yield 14.4 metric 
tons of fish while from improved strains, the yield can be in- 
creased to 137 metric tons per female; 
6. Cultivation of fish in rice fields. According to Soviet spe- 
cialists, this practice not only improves the rice crop but can 
yield about 50 metric tons of fish annually. 
7. Use of thermal effluent from hydroelectrical plants. This 
approach will permit the year round cultivation of fish. Prospects 
are particularly good for rearing fish in “‘thermal reservoirs” 
where fish are placed in floating, netted tanks or basins. Experi- 
ments in 1963 demonstrated that in 1 year, 60 kilograms of 
fish could be obtained from 1 square meter of tank; 
8. Increasing the number of excavators, tractors, and bulldozers 
for the construction of new ponds; 
9. Cultivation of herbivorous fish will receive increased empha- 
sis. In 1964, ponds on state fish farms produced 350 metric 
tons of fish, in 1965, 1,200 tons, and in 1966, 2,500 tons. By 
the 1970’s, plans called for the production of 10,000 tons an- 
nually; 
10. Transplantation of fish and other aquatic life. Efforts will 
be made to transplant herbivorous fish into more areas of the 
country. Transplantation experiments with shrimp, lobster, and 
other invertebrates will also be stressed. Aquatic plantlife and 
invertebrates will be transplanted from one locale to another to 
provide natural food for fish. Methods of transporting anesthetized 
fish will be developed. 
11. Developing electrical underwater fences to protect young 
fish from entrapment and injury in hydroelectrical and irrigation 
situations; 
12. Intensified research on water pollution. This problem has 
become acute with increasing industrialization; 
13. Construction of large fish hatcheries and farms with an 
area of 10,000 hectares. Such areas are available in shallow, 
periodically dry parts of reservoirs and deltas of rivers. In the 
delta of the Volga River, 65,000 hectares can be used for con- 
struction of fish farms; 
14. Construction of lake fish farms, which by the 1970’s could 
cover an area of about 500,000 hectares; 
15. Increase the catch of fish in lakes, rivers, and reservoirs 
to reach 27,000 metric tons or more annually by the 1970’s; 
16. Raising of about 138,000 metric tons of fish in state farms 
planned by the 1970’s. New and reconstructed farms will be 
used for this purpose. In addition, in order to supply the industrial 
centers with fresh fish, special farms were built between 1966 
and 1970 to produce 35,100 tons of fish per year; 
17. The Ministry of Energy and Electrification and the Ministry 
of the Fisheries Economy were to build 10 hatcheries between 
1966 and 1971 to compensate for the damage done by hydroelec- 
