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lithosphere and attempt to understand the dynamics that drive the 
features observed at the surface. 
BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY OF THE WORLD OCEAN AND THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF 
THE FUNCTIONING OF INDIVIDUAL ORGANISMS AND WHOLE BIOLOGICAL COM- 
MUNITIES IN THE WORLD OCEAN 
Both countries have a strong interest in furthering biological and 
fisheries research. They work together in other major fisheries in- 
vestigations of a bilateral or multilateral nature; and, while the projects 
initiated under the agreement are extensions of these other investiga- 
tions, they are separate and distinct from them. To provide the broad 
framework for cooperation in this area, a 5-year program has been 
outlined. It includes the determination of the biological structure of 
the World Ocean, including the cause of fluctuations in population 
and production, as well as studies of biological production processes 
in along-shore areas, the biochemistry and physiology of marine orga- 
. nisms and the biology of marine fouling and benthic communities. 
Field and experimental research as well as theoretical studies are 
to be conducted. They will involve the mutual training of specialists 
in laboratories of both countries, joint expeditions workshops and 
symposiums. 
Most of the cooperative activities are scheduled for the 1976-80 
period, however, initial efforts have commenced. A joint study of 
the bioproductivity system of the Northwest Atlantic has begun. It 
is to learn about the distribution and to assess the biological resources 
of the area. The study of replenishment and the relationship between 
stock and replenishment also is to be included. To date, joint investiga- 
tions were carried out in 1974 on board the Soviet research vessel 
Khronometr in the northwest Atlantic Ocean to evaluate hydroacousti- 
cal methods of assessing living resources. The resulting data from 
the field programs are now being processed in U.S. and Soviet scien- 
tific laboratories. The Soviet research vessel Poisk, with three U.S. 
experts on board, and several other vessels also worked in the 
northwest Atlantic Ocean in March and April 1975 on studies of 
the bioproductive processes in this area. Possibilities for other joint 
field work are now being considered. 
There also has been discussion for cooperation in the coastal up- 
welling system analysis (CUEA) program which has involved U.S. 
institutions as well as institutions from seven other countries. Field 
work has been conducted since 1972 off the west coast of North 
America and the northwest coast of Africa. The U.S.S.R. participated 
in the field work off the west coast of North America and the 
northwest coast of Africa, and discussions are planned for future 
participation by the U.S.S.R. 
A variety of activities concerning the biochemistry and physiology 
of marine organisms are being planned. A seminar is to be held 
in the U.S.S.R. to discuss joint research on morphology and physiology - 
of sex cycles of marine fish and invertebrates. In late 1975 a workshop 
also is scheduled to be held in Beaufort, N.C., to summarize all 
previous research on marine fouling and benthic communities and 
to coordinate future joint work. In 1976 a symposium is scheduled 
to be held in the United States to discuss current scientific work 
and plans for cooperation for work on biologically active substances. 
