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research involves basic marine science, critics believe that NOAA 
should manage the baseline studies; and 
(c) various regulatory duties during all developmental stages. 
It overlaps NOAA operations in mapping, surveying and preparing 
charts of geologic and ocean terrain characteristics. 
4. The Bureau of Land Management has basic responsibility within 
the Interior Department for selecting and issuing leases for mineral 
rights on Federal lands (OCS). Hence, it has substantial responsibility 
for the growing use of OCS. The Bureau carries out ocean-related 
functions, such as conducting environmental impact statements, en- 
vironmental baseline studies and assessments for mineral leasing pro- 
grams in the OCS. 
5. In U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Interior), the lines of division 
are blurred, because some species—anadromous species—spend part 
of their lifecycle in inland waters (Interior jurisdiction) and part in 
the ocean (NOAA jurisdiction). 
6. The National Park Service (Interior) spent about 10 percent 
of the 1975 budget on management of national parks, monuments, 
national lakeshore and seashore areas that are marine or coastal- 
zone related. 
7. The Army Corps of Engineers (Department of Defense) has 
general responsibility for maintaining the navigability of the Nation’s 
inland and coastal waterways. Its work interfaces with OCS oil and 
gas developments, waste dumping, and numerous other activities af- 
fecting the coastal zone. 
8. The Department of State formulates negotiation and implementa- 
tion of foreign policy dealing with oceans (fisheries, science, mining, 
Law of the Sea, etc.). : 
9. The National Science Foundation is a leading Federal agency 
in ocean science affairs. About 8 percent of the 1975 NSF budget 
was spent on ocean related activities. NSF, mainly through grants 
to private and some public institutions, carries on extensive support 
for oceanic studies. 
10. The Environmental Protection Agency has responsibility for con- 
trol of pollution in the oceans. It is the lead agency in regulating 
the dumping of wastes, oil, and hazardous substances in the Nation’s 
coastal waters. It promulgates guidelines for determining the effects 
of pollutants on water quality, marine life, beaches, and other ocean 
values. 
11. The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) analyzes condi- 
tions and trends in the quality of the environment, conducts investiga- 
tions relating to the ocean environment, appraises the effects of 
Federal programs on environmental quality, recommends policies on 
these matters, and submits an annual report on these matters. (Heavily 
involved in OCS related activities. ) 
12. The Energy Research and Development Agency (ERDA) has 
responsibility over marine research, aimed mainly at determining ef- 
fects and movements of radioactive elements in the ocean environment 
and effects of waste heat on the ocean environment. Problems of 
power plant siting have also been one of the Atomic Energy Commis- 
sion’s (AEC) functions, now taken over by ERDA. 
13. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 
is responsible for support systems in ocean data gathering, monitoring, 
and observation (remote sensing techniques). 
