agricultural colleges and universities. Their dedicated students are to be 

 found in the most remote corners of the world. They have been instru- 

 mental in helping feed the world's billions by introducing new agricultural 

 and land management practices. We cannot properly compare the fledg- 

 ling Sea Grant Program of the Department of Commerce with the Land 

 Grant Program activity developed over the past century, but the potential 

 is there. One possibility has already been noted. The Sea Grant Program 

 could be made even more valuable than at present by introducing an ex- 

 change program for foreign students, particularly from the developing 

 countries. 



3. It was hoped that the International Oceanographic Commission 

 (IOC) could serve as an important exchange mechanism between govern- 

 ments and during the period between important diplomatic conferences. 

 It has been a major disappointment. For many nations it has become 

 rather a political forum. A re-examination of the role of the IOC would 

 be very much in order, looking to the possibility of having experts named 

 as representatives rather than political delegates. If a major reconstruction 

 takes place as a result of this review, it would be desirable to consider 

 consolidating the oceanic and atmospheric interests. 



4. Among the various U.S. programs the most useful could be the Inter- 

 national Decade for Ocean Exploration (IDOE) of the National Science 

 Foundation. It was originally intended to be a major international effort 

 but has fallen far short of the intent. Its various current activities, such 

 as GEOSECS (Geochemical Ocean Sections), the ocean buoy efforts, the 

 midocean ridge studies, and the upwelling studies are very suitable candi- 

 dates for massive international cooperation. Greater international partici- 

 pation at a higher level in these programs should be developed by more 

 vigorous diplomatic activity, accelerated support to allow for more and 

 a greater variety of projects, with funds specifically allocated for the sup- 

 port of cooperating developing countries. We note the important contri- 

 butions of the IDOE to the oceanic pollution problem. 



5. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) can play a vital 

 role in exchanges with foreign governments — indeed they already do to 

 a considerable degree — but this activity could be greatly enhancd, again 

 with the motive of a mutual learning effort among nations. The NMFS 

 is the basic support instrument for all of our activities related to biological 

 resources. The NMFS should be strengthened to enable it to meet the 

 increased demand for its services to related Law of the Sea activities, sea 

 mammal protection, and additional fisheries conservation activities. The 

 best support for a rational international program is a well-promulgated and 

 sound scientific position — which is not presently available for many im- 

 portant issues. 



6. There are military-related aspects apart from those of straight na- 

 tional defense requirements, and those warrant the most careful considera- 



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