which provides a forum for all the interested governmental jurisdictions and 

 other parties to work out their problems together . . . non-nonsense staff and 

 a respected, diplomatic chairman . . . public hearings and public debate . . . 

 power to control uses of the resource it seeks to protect . . . Finally, of course, 

 a plan and a law . . .that is enforceable . . . respected, and that draws wide 

 support from the community." 



The bite in the San Francisco Bay Group could very well have been 

 its regulatory power. This is somewhat unusual at either intrastate or 

 interstate levels such as, for example, the New England River Basins 

 Commission. Although the NERBC has been influential and effective in 

 a number of specific instances, it has authority only for planning. Formal 

 interstate compacts may be increasingly desirable as management needs, 

 which cross State boundaries, multiply in number and severity. 



IMPLICATIONS AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL 



We wish to emphasize that the management aspects of the coastal zone 

 take on greater significance than is usual where an intimate mix of tech- 

 nical and scientific work is required. 



NACOA believes that only by proper management can one get a hand- 

 hold for progress in the coastal zone, that the powers vested in the States 

 make their role pivotal, that the lead-agency concept for Federal involve- 

 ment must be used, and that scientific and technical support must be 

 made available and responsive to all levels of authority. 



• Proper management is the key to progress in meeting and overcom- 

 ing difficult problems in the coastal zone and in learning to anticipate 

 them. 



• Technical and scientific knowledge, without which proper manage- 

 ment would be impossible, can be encouraged to serve the needs of 

 that management. 



• Management is in turn subordinate and in service to the local re- 

 gion — the coastal State — and derives a large part of its technical 

 problems, goals, and force of implementation from the locality. 



NACOA therefore advocates a National Coastal Zone Program whose 

 two principal elements are Management (planning, legislation, develop- 

 ment of regulations and standards, monitoring, and enforcement) and 

 Research and Development (basic and applied research, engineering de- 

 velopment, technical assistance, and advisory service) . In order to make 

 certain that the necessary collaboration between these two major ele- 

 ments is ingrained in the structure of the national program on the coastal 

 zone, NACOA further urges that the research and development, as well 

 as the management elements, be tied closely to existing geographic and 

 political jurisdictions. 



The summary of views held by various levels in the jurisdictional 

 hierarchy indicates that they are looking for Federal action to provide 



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