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Have agreed as follows : 



Akticle 1 



The term "high seas" means all parts of the sea that are not included 

 in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a State. 



Article 2 



The high seas being open to all nations, no State may validly purport 

 to subject any part of them to its sovereignty. Freedom of the high 

 seas is exercised under the conditions laid down by these articles and 

 by the other rules of international law. It comprises, inter alia^ both 

 for coastal and non-coastal States : 



( 1 ) Freedom of navigation ; 



(2) Freedom of fishing ; 



(3) Freedom to lay submarine cables and pipelines; 



(4) Freedom to fly over the high seas. 



These freedoms, and others which are recognized by the general 

 principles of international law shall be exercised by all States with 

 reasonable regard to the interests of other States in their exercise of 

 the freedom of the high seas. 



Article 3 



1. In order to enjoy the freedom of the seas on equal terms with 

 coastal States, States having no sea-coast should have free access to 

 the sea. To this end States situated between the sea, and a State having 

 no sea-coast shall by common agreement with the latter and in con- 

 formity with existing international convention accord: 



{a) To the State having no sea-coast, on a basis of reciprocity, 

 free tra.nsit through their territory ; and 



(&) To ships flying the flag of that State treatment equal to 

 that accorded to their own ships, or to the ships of any other 

 States, as regards access to seaports and the use of such ports. 



2. States situated between the sea and a State having no sea-coast 

 shall settle, by mutual agreement with the latter, and taking into 

 account the rights of the coastal State or State of transit and the 

 special conditions of the State having no sea-coast, all matters relating 

 to freedom of transit and equal treatment in ports, in case such States 

 are not already parties to existing international conventions. 



Article 4 



Every State, whether coastal or not, has the right to sail ships 

 under its flag on the high seas. 



Article 5 



1. Each State shall fix the conditions for the grant of its nationality 

 to ships, for the registration of ships in its territory, and for the right 

 to fly ]ts flag. Ships have the nationality of the State whose flag they 



