306 



(&) Against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place 

 outside the jurisdiction of any State; 



(2) Any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a 

 ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate 

 ship or aircraft ; 



(3) Any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act 

 described in sub-paragraph 1 or sub-paragraph 2 of this article. 



Article 16 



The acts of piracy, as defined in article 15, committed by a warship, 

 government ship or government aircraft whose crew has mutinied and 

 taken control or the ship or aircraft are assimilated to acts committed 

 by a private ship. 



Article 17 



A ship or aircraft is considered a pirate ship or aircraft if it is in- 

 tended by the persons in dominant control to Be used for the purpose 

 of committing one of the acts referred to in article 15. The same 

 applies if the ship or aircraft has been used to commit any such act, 

 so long as it remains under the control of the persons guilty of that 

 act. 



Article 18 



A ship or aircraft may retain its nationality although it has become 

 a pirate ship or aircraft. The retention or loss of nationality is de- 

 termined by the law of the State from which such nationality was 

 derived. 



Article 19 



On the high seas, or in any other place outside the jurisdiction of 

 any State, every State may seize a pirate ship or aircraft, or a ship 

 taken by piracy and under the control of pirates, and arrest the per- 

 sons and seize the property on board. The courts of the State which 

 carried out the seizure may decide upon the penalties to be imposed, 

 and may also determine the action to be taken with regard to the ships, 

 aircraft or property, subject to the rights of third parties acting in 

 good faith. 



Article 20 



Where the seizure of a ship or aircraft on suspicion of piracy has 

 been effected without adequate grounds, the State making the seizure 

 shall be liable to the State the nationality of which is possessed by 

 the ship or aircraft, for any loss or damage caused by the seizure. 



Article 21 



A seizure on account of piracy may only be carried out by warships 

 or military aircraft, or other ships or aircraft on government service 

 authorized to that effect. 



