719 



classes of vessels operating in the Great Lakes System or designated 

 areas thereof. 



Annex 5 



studies of pollution from shipping soukces 



1. Studies. The Parties agree that studies of pollution problems in 

 the Great Lakes System that arise in relation to shipping activities 

 shall be undertaken for the purposes of strengthening their programs 

 and other measures for the abatement and control of pollution from 

 shipping sources. Eesponsibility for the coordination of these studies 

 is assigned to the United States Coast Guard and the Canadian Min- 

 istry of Transport. Initially, these studies shall include the following 

 subjects: 



(a) Navigational Equipment. Determination of minimum safe 

 standards respecting the fitting, maintenance, testing, and use of 

 navigational equipment for both normal and ice operations. 



(b) TraffiG Routes for Navigational Purposes. Eeview of the 

 existing informal system of traffic routes and determination of 

 their adequacy and effectiveness ; determination of the need for 

 additional traffic routes ; review of track widths, shifting of tracks, 

 limited tracks, rules of passing, speeds, and similar matters fot 

 normal and ice operations; and identification of priorities for 

 needed remedial measures. 



(c) Tra-jjlc Control. Eeview of existing traffic control systems 

 and determination of their adequacy and effectiveness ; determina- 

 tion of the need for additional traffic control systems ; review of 

 operations with respect to open waters, harbours, and channels 

 under normal and ice conditions ; and identification of priorities 

 for needed remedial measures. 



(d) Manning of Vessels. Eeview of existing United States and 

 Canadian competency standards to determine acceptable mini- 

 mum standards ; review of existing foreign competency standards 

 to determine whether they are adequate and effective and equiva- 

 lent to the United States and Canadian minimum standards; 

 determination of the need for certificated pilots and other officers 

 and for improvement of existing pilot certifications, for special 

 manning regulations for towing vessels, for separate manning 

 standards for ice operations, and for separate manning standards 

 for vessels carrying oil and hazardous polluting substances in 

 periods of adverse weather or in areas of high traffic density. 



(e) Aids to Navigation Systems. Eeview of the adequacy and 

 effectiveness of existing aids to navigation systems; determina- 

 tion of the need for additional aids to navigation ; and identifica- 

 tion of priorities for needed remedial measures. 



(f) Waste Water. Eeview of problems arising from the dis- 

 charge of waste waters, and recommendations for reducing the 

 deleterious effects of such discharges. 



(g) Sewage Treatment Systems for Vessels. Eeview of current 

 research and development of systems for the treatment of vessel 

 sewage. 



(h) Loading and Unloading of Grain and Ore. Eeview of pol- 

 lution problems arising from these operations. 



