36 
Enforcement Activities 
8. Review existing authorities and legislation to clarify 
responsibilities of Federal agencies pertaining to enforcement and 
abatement of pollution and disposal operations in the contiguous 
zones. Before additional legislation is developed to cover this 
area, a comprehensive review of what enforcement agencies can do 
and should do is needed. 
9. Surveillance of ocean disposal activities needs to be 
expanded and refined. This is a phase of ocean disposal that has 
not been given enough attention either in terms of adequate fund- 
ing or in the refining or development of sophisticated surveillance 
techniques. 
Abatement Activities 
10. The proposed "Interim Guidelines for the Corps of Engineers" 
(page 19) should be implemented as soon as possible by the Corps. 
11. Encourage development of innovations in the design of ter- 
minals and marine pipelines which will provide inherent detection 
of leaks and retention and retrieval of spills; locate terminals 
so ag to minimize the potential for collisions or groundings which 
could result in massive oil or chemical spills. 
12. Define requirements for vessel compliance with applicable 
pollution regulations, such as the Water Quality Improvement Act 
of 1970. The Maritime Administration should undertake an indepth 
survey of vessels using the U.S. ports in an attempt to quantify 
and qualify vessel pollution. The results of such a survey will 
contribute to the development of effective ship systems to pre- 
vent pollutant discharge in all navigable waters. 
13. Water quality criteria in the territorial seas need to be 
reviewed and clarified. With a strong clear-cut policy on ocean 
disposal practices, it may be appropriate to begin a detailed 
review of existing water quality standards in territorial waters. 
14. The Federal Government should move forward with an immedi- 
ate program of setting water quality standards for the contiguous 
zone within the scope of Article 24 of the Convention of the 
Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone. The concurrence of the 
Secretary of State should be sought on matters affecting waters 
beyond the territorial sea or the foreign policy of the United 
States. 
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