72 
With such a mechanism, the public attitude toward disposable 
containers and widespread use of private automobiles may undergo 
a drastic change. Inland communities may find it economically 
beneficial to accept a coastal city's wastes for landfill or 
underground disposal; more use may be made of domestic wastes 
as a substitute for inorganic fertilizers and of sewage effluent 
for drinking water after recycling. There is a critical need, 
however, for comprehensive research on such institutional changes, 
and other institutional barriers. Perhaps a pilot program in a 
selected region could be set up to explore how economic incentives 
and other institutional innovations could be properly applied in 
controlling ocean pollution. 
In short, the most immediate problems associated with ocean 
pollution and ocean disposal appear to be (1) establishment of a 
national policy to permit setting of goals and planning effective 
programs, (2) clarification of Federal agency roles and determin- 
ation of need for additional legislation in the light of Federal 
policy, (3) a better understanding of institutional deterrents 
and the evolving of economic, social, and political concepts more 
conducive to effective waste management, and (4) international 
programs, treaties, and other arrangements to effectively resolve 
the problem worldwide. 
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