75 
Control of pollution by other nationals in contiguous waters 
is even more haphazard, 
Article 24 of the Convention of the Territorial Sea and the 
Contiguous Zone of 1958 states, in part: 
"l). In a zone of the high seas, contiguous to its terri- 
torial sea, the coastal state may exercise the control neces- 
sary to: 
a. Prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, 
immigration, or sanitary regulations within 
its territory or territorial sea 
b. Punish infringement of the regulations committed 
within its territory or territorial sea," 
"2. The.contiguous zone may not extend beyond 12 miles 
from the base line from which the breadth of the territorial 
sea is measured." 
Neither the United States nor - we believe -. any other nation 
has adopted legislation implementing Article 24. In any case, such 
legislation would be limited to those violations of sanitary stand- 
ards which would have an effect within the territorial sea or the 
territory of the coastal state. 
Beyond the contiguous zone, except pursuant to the Supervisory 
Act of 1888, as amended, as it affects U.S. vessels, the only rea- 
sonably effective controls are in regard to oil pollution by the 
cosigners of the International Convention for the Prevention of 
Pollution of the Seas with Oil, 1954, amended April 1962, and fur- 
ther amended November 1969 (in London). Two other conventions 
relating to oil pollution on the high seas were adopted in 1969 
and have been sent to the Senate for ratification. A number of 
international organizations are sponsoring conferences and research 
programs on ocean pollution (see page 60). 
Thus, for the present, the problem of ocean disposal beyond the 
contiguous zone is left to individual countries to deal with as they 
wish provided always that they maintain a reasonable regard for the 
rights of other states. However, prevention of further deteriora- 
tion of the ocean environment will require much more comprehensive 
and aggressive international cooperation and, possibly, establishment 
52 
56-788 O - 71 - 6 
