86 
The Smithsonian Institution has a broad interest in ocean 
pollution. It is the contractor for the Bureau of Sport Fisheries 
and Wildlife study of the effects of sludge disposal in the New York 
Bight. The Institution has experts with capabilities of studying 
environmental effects of various ocean pollutants throughout the 
world. 
The National Science Foundation has funded many basic 
studies applicable to,or directly related to ocean pollution problems. 
The Department of Defense, in addition to the Corps of Engin- 
eers, supports studies in ocean pollution and is directly concerned 
with problems of waste disposal from shore facilities, vessels, and 
disposal of obsolete gas munitions. 
The Atomic Energy Commission has active research and devel - 
opment programs concerned with radiation pollution in the ocean and 
supports other studies related to understanding the marine environ- 
ment. 
The Maritime Administration and the Department of Transpor- 
tation are actively concerned with vessel pollution and planning for 
deep-harbor ports. Since 1961, the Maritime Administration has been 
engaged in the development of practical and economic ‘shipboard sys- 
tems for preventing the discharge of oil during the normal course of 
ship operations. A.more recent research and development policy sup- 
ports and encourages industry in the development of conceptual ship 
systems for preventing oil and sewage effluents and stack gas emis- 
sions from commercial ships. A two-year study on pollution from 
American Flag vessels is scheduled for completion in June 1972. The 
Maritime Administration has contributed to the Coast Guard's devel- 
opment of shipboard anti-pollution equipment specifications and test 
standards through participation, as advisors, to the IMCO Subcommit- 
tee on Marine Pollution. 
The National Council on Marine Resources and Engineering 
Development in carrying out its assigned role for developing Federal 
Oceanographic programs has an active interest in problems associated 
with ocean pollution. A major portion of the U.S. contribution to 
the International Decade of Ocean Exploration is concerned with 
ocean pollution. 
The recently established. Council on Environmental Quality 
will be taking an active role in ocean pollution problems, as pro- 
vided for by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Execu- 
tive Order 11514, and through the Council on Environmental Quality 
Task Force Report on Ocean Pollution. 
63 
