102 
. H.R. 17603 contains language that would apply to all sources of 
pollution in any given area, regardless of State lines or other political 
boundaries. In my area, sources of pollution in New Jersey, and north 
of the city along the Hudson, would be brought under the control of a 
federally enforceable statute. 
Mr. Chairman, no consideration of legislation of this magnitude 
would be complete without a discussion of costs. 
We know that it will take somewhere between $30 and $50 billion in 
public funds to effectively fight water pollution in this decade. The 
Federal authorization for the current fiscal year is $1.25 billion, and 
we had to fight a tight-fisted administration for that figure. 
The study called for in H.R. 17603 will cost about $10 million to 
identify those marine areas in which we will permit waste disposal, 
and this estimate is probably conservative. The money would be well 
spent. 
Beyond this, additional studies are needed, and new techniques for 
study are required. Certainly a comprehensive study of each major 
harbor and Great Lakes area is needed to study the effects of polluted 
water on people. Past studies have explored effects on fish and wildlife, 
bes unbelievably, we know relatively little about effects on human 
eings. 
Pinpointing and tracing sources of pollution continues to be a seri- 
ous and time-consuming problem. However, the application of space 
technology may provide an answer. I refer, of course, to the earth 
resources aircraft program of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration (NASA), which has undertaken an aerial photograph- 
ic study of selected areas in support of agriculture, geography, hydrol- 
ogy, and oceanography studies. 
I have viewed the high-altitude aerial photos of New York Harbor 
and Long Island Sound, and was deeply impressed by the excellent 
resolution of the photography, and the clear evidence of currents, sedi- 
ment, and other indicators of water movement. The photos obtained 
will permit study of dissolved and suspended material in our polluted 
waters. 
Mr. Chairman, the seventies are being called the “Environmental 
Decade.” This sobriquet expresses the fervent hope of increasing mil- 
lions of Americans that we save our environment, and it falls to the 
principal representative body in the Nation to develop those mech- 
anisms whereby we can succeed. 
I believe that H.R. 17603 is a sound approach to a very difficult 
problem. During the course of these hearings you will hear from other 
Members, and from experts in the field of science and related disci- 
plines germane to the problem of water pollution. Our collective 
plea—though we may differ on detail—is to develop and pass a work- 
able program for the protection of our most vital resource—our water. 
Mr. Dincett. Mr. Murphy, you have given this committee a very 
carefully thought out and thorough statement apparently based on a 
deep and careful consideration of the problems and of the effects of 
dumping in the area referred to. 
I believe it will be very helpful to this committee. 
The Chair recognizes Congressman Frey. 
Mr. Frey. Thank you. 
