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Mr. Goopiine. Mr. Murphy, to whom does the Secretary of the 
Army issue these permits to dump ? 
Mr. Murpuy. ‘Lhe permits are issued to applicants who are either 
private people or municipalities or the States. In areas where the city 
of New York operates barges that take the effluent from the primary 
treatment plants and use their own equipment to go out to sea to 
dump in our Bight area the permit is issued to the city. 
To private contractors that perform this service for industries and 
industries that perform it for themselves, those permits are issued to 
those industries on application and approval. 
Mr. Goopirne. I assume under existing law the Secretary of the 
Army has legal authority to do this, is that correct ? 
Mr. Murpuy. Yes, he does. 
Mr. Goopurne. That is all, Mr. Chairman. 
Mr. Dincetz. Thank you, Mr. Goodling. 
Mr. Murphy, the Chair observes that your statement mentions the 
bill would provide stiff penalties for dumping in nondesignated areas 
and for illegal dumping in designated areas, amounting to $10,000 
per day per violation with each day of violation constituting a sep- 
arate offense. 
The question that comes to my mind is that this would obviously 
function well against a private citizen. How would it affect, let us say, 
Government agencies, municipalities or States or employees of the 
States or municipalities ? 
Mr. Murruy. I would think that a State or a municipality, once the 
violation had been brought to their attention, would cease and desist. 
However, if they willfully continue to violate the law the penalty 
would apply to them. 
Mr. Dineet. It is my experience that States and municipalities do 
not stop dumping. This is based on considerable observation with 
regard to polluters in the Great Lakes area and elsewhere around the 
country. It requires a tremendous amount of pressure to have them 
cease and also to arrange their affairs in order so that they can meet 
timetables and time schedules. 
Weare now finding State after State and municipality after munici- 
pality across the country in the situation where they are now not able 
to meet the Federal Water Quality Standards by the appointed date 
and complete cleanup as ordered by conference held pursuant to the 
Federal Water Quality Act. 
I am curious whether this is going to be enough of a device to assure 
they will comply with the law and whether or not you might not give 
considerable thought to including in the bill the possibility of having 
injunction provisions for this. Are there injunction provisions in the 
legislation ? 
Mr. Murpuy. Mr. Chairman, I think that the Congress is going to 
have to deliver the message clearly that no one, whether it is a State, 
a municipality, or private industry or an individual, has the right to 
violate the air, the sea or the land of America. 
Mr. Drneett. Counsel just brought to my attention that the bill on 
page 4, line 15, under item (g) says, “The District Courts of the United 
States shali have jurisdiction to restrain violations of this section.”. 
So you do have the policy ? 
