S3 



If man is able to liquid breathe at some future time, he may go 

 deeper outside of habitat beyond the 2,000 feet. 



The 20,000-foot depth was chosen, because it represents 90 percent 

 of the ocean. The rest goes into areas very much deeper but very 

 much limited in square area, such as the deepest point being 36,000 

 feet. So we have at the 20,000-foot work level some 98 percent of 

 the ocean. 



Another goal we propose to meet is the development of materials 

 technology. They include materials technology, power sources, exter- 

 nal machinery, tools, navigation systems, instruments, mooring and 

 anchoring systems, life support systems, and improved data on 

 biomedical phenomena. 



National projects are proposed to focus the effort on specific areas 

 of need and opportunity, to impart a sense of priority, to involve 

 actively a variety of groups, to provide the facilities needed to test 

 the economic and technical feasibility of new systems, and to put 

 technology at the service of scientific research and resource explora- 

 tion. Six such projects, listed in attachment 1, are specifically recom- 

 mended in the report; others are identified for further consideration. 



The U.S. Navy has a key role in advancing national capability and 

 should work in tandem with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

 Agency. As Navy mission requirements permit, provision should be 

 made for other agencies to use Navy facilities on a reimbursable basis. 

 Opportunities to spin off civil applications from defense projects 

 should be identified. However, civil and military interests and priorities 

 will not always coincide, and a national program cannot rest solely 

 on Department of Defense-supported efforts. We feel it is a good idea 

 to have a competitive situation in the field of technology. At the 

 present time the Navy is the only one with technology. I think we get 

 more out of the Navy but we get more effort in the direction of cutting 

 costs by having the civilian technology department. 



The Commission anticipates that the proposed national effort will 

 generate its own personnel, principally through transfer from other 

 specialties but also through increased enrollment in marine education 

 and training programs. Expanded support through NSF and NOAA 

 will be needed, but the Commission's principal recommendation is 

 that NOAA be assigned responsibility to analyze trends in manpower 

 requirements in all marine fields, project future requirements, and 

 coordinate Federal agency marme education and training activities. 



Mr. Lennon. Let us proceed with the next presentation, Dr. 

 Stratton. 



Dr. Stratton. If I may turn next to the coastal zone and ask Dr. 

 John Knauss to discuss the highlights in that area. 



STATEMENT OF DR. JOHN A. KNAUSS, DEAN, GRADUATE SCHOOL 



OF OCEANOGRAPHY 



Dr. Knauss. I am John Knauss and will discuss the coastal zone, 

 which starts at the bottom of page 5 of the report handed to you. 



We consider the coastal zone to embrace the territorial sea, Great 

 Lakes, tidal areas, and those port and harbor facilities, recreational 

 areas, and commercial and industrial sites which are dependent on 

 the seas and Great Lakes. Coastal counties include roughly half of the 

 Nation's people and its most rapidly gromng urban areas. It is the 



