46 



One of the functions we considered was the Fresh Water Pollution 

 Control Administration, the FWPCA. The Navy Oceanographic 

 Office also was taken into account. 



For one reason or another we came out with this arrangement. 



Mr. Downing. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. 



Mr. Kaeth. Mr. Chairman, I have a number of questions but in 

 the interest of time I would like to ask two. 



First of all, this may be redundant, but let me say that I want 

 also to commend the Commission for the courage they have shown 

 in making the recommendations, that we are to concentrate and 

 bring together the influence and activities of the Federal Government 

 so as to extract from whatever our inputs are, the most advantageous 

 output. 



While this will, I suppose, precipitate some infighting both in the 

 executive branch of Government and in the Congress, I personally 

 feel strongly that if we cannot implement this recommendation then 

 for all practical purposes the worthwhileness of this report has been 

 seriously reduced in terms of effectiveness. 



Would you agree with that? 



Dr. Stratton. This is exactly our feeling, sir. 



Mr. Karth. There is one potential, and I say potential, conflict or 

 disparity with that recommendation and one of the others you made. 

 I say "potential" because it may be I do not understand completely 

 what your recommendations really are. 



While on the one hand you recommend concentration of effort on 

 the part of the Federal Government, it seemed to me you also recom- 

 mended that we allow the many States to determine what programs 

 they think they ought to follow or pursue off their own respective 

 shelves, and this might have somewhat the same effect as we have 

 had now in the Federal Government. 



Dr. Stratton. Again this falls in Dr. Knauss' domain. 



Mr. Karth. My feeling is that because there are many States 

 involved, unless we have some coordinated effort pursued by the 

 States, you may well have a much-fragmented program. 



Dr. Stratton. This is a very difficult area which you know so well, 

 the relationship between the self-determination of the States and the 

 regions as against the Federal power. The question was how to find a 

 balance of power. 



Dr. Knauss. We were very much aware of this. I hope you have 

 misinterpreted our recommendation because we think we have come 

 up with a plan that will improve matters in this area. 



Our feeling was and is that the difficulties within the coastal zone 

 are in part because there are so many Federal agencies involved in 

 the coastal zone. Even with an NOAA, there will be the Navy, the Army 

 Corps of Engineers, FWPCA, Public Health Service, Bureau of 

 Outdoor Recreation, and others. 



It is our impression that the States have tended to react to Federal 

 programs. There has been little in the way of coordinated and unified 

 approach. 



We hope that by building strength within each State by the estab- 

 lishment of coastal zone authorities that each State would develop a 

 strong unified effort. NOAA could provide the coordinating function. 

 In attempting to build up this kind of strength within each State we 

 fully recognize that the management of the coastal zone is primarily 

 a State function. 



