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expanded, efforts by the private sector. We, as a nation, cannot afford to 

 pay out of taxes for the investment needed to attain the full potential 

 of oceanic development within a reasonable time period. This can be 

 afi'orded only if Federal policy establishes and maintains an environ- 

 ment that will encourage economically sound developmental efforts by 

 all private segments of the marine community, working cooperatively 

 with Federal programs. An atmosphere which permits the free enter- 

 j)rise system to make a fair profit must be maintained if we are to have 

 a successful national oceanic program. 



The Commission has provided for this truly national approach by 

 recommending the formation of the National Advisory Committee for 

 the Oceans (NACO) . In my opinion, this is the most important recom- 

 mendation made by the Commission because this is a prerequisite to a 

 truly national oceanic program. Despite its importance, this recom- 

 mendation unfortunately has been overlooked by most of the press, 

 and where it has been mentioned, its importance has not been empha- 

 sized sufficiently. 



The members of NACO would be appointed by the President, with 

 the advice and consent of the Senate. These members, approximately 

 15 in number, would come from industry, various State agencies, the 

 academic community, and other appropriate areas and should be repre- 

 sentative of the Nation's varied marine and environmental interests. 

 This committee would have broad advisory responsibilities. In addi- 

 tion, each of the principal Federal agencies concerned with marine and 

 atmospheric matters would designate a senior policy official to partici- 

 pate as an observer in the deliberations of the committee. This arrange- 

 ment would permit the committee to draw readily on the expert 

 information and views of the Federal agencies. 



In my opinion a majority of the NACO members should have ex- 

 tensive successful industrial experience and should be drawn primarily 

 from the users of the sea, such as those engaged in the transportation, 

 petroleum, fishing, mining, chemical, desalination, and recreation in- 

 dustries. Industries supplying hardware and services should also be 

 represented. 



Too frequently in the past, such appointments to Federal commit- 

 tees have tended to include an overbalanced representation from the 

 academic community. I hasten to say that I have no objection to col- 

 lege professors. As a matter of fact, I was one myself 22 years ago. 

 Even so, colleges and academic institutions have not taken the lead in 

 pointing the way to exploitation of the oceans. They are not doing most 

 of the research in this field. Industry is far ahead of the academic sec- 

 tor in the number of qualified men it has available to lead the way to 

 successful exploitation of the oceans, and it is far better informed on 

 what new technologies are needed for a successful national oceanic 

 program. 



I will admit that I am biased, but I am strongly convinced that the 

 great majority of the members of NACO had better be thoroughly ex- 

 perienced in the free enterprise programs for exploitation of the sea. 

 Otherwise, the chances are that NACO will be a miserable failure, and 

 if NACO fails, the proposed national oceanic program also will fail. 



The Cormnission recommended that NACO advise the head of a new 

 agency to be created. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency ,which 

 I shall discuss later, but very significantly, NACO would also report 



