165 



It is the coastal zone which today is offering jobs not only for the 

 scientist and engineer but also for the technical school and high school 

 man who has the physical qualifications to work in the sea. It is at the 

 coastal zone where international cooperation to overcome the knowl- 

 edge gaps that stand in the way of estuarine management and plan- 

 ning in densely populated estuarine areas in our own country or in 

 Europe, Asia, South America, or Africa will not be encumbered by 

 sticky problems of international rights and ownership. 



Finally, at the coastal zone we take advantage of the step down 

 nature of the ocean as we concentrate on the vital, accessible and 

 resources loaded near shore area and lay the knowledge foundation for 

 our involvement in the deeper ocean in the years to come. 



To summarize, I recommend the following : 



1. Close attention to organizational and fiscal differences between 

 the ocean program on the one hand, the space-defense programs on 

 the other. 



2. Early establisliment of a strong NACO. 



3'. Establishment of a strong NOAA with particular emphasis on 

 the importance of using Navy capabilities in the Federal civilian 

 programs and in the overall national program. 



4. Upgrading the stature of oceanography in the Congress on both 

 the legislative and appropriation sides. 



5. Immediate emphasis on the coastal zone. 



This committee faces the problem of building on the fine job done 

 by the Commission which you did so much to create by your role in 

 the enactment of Public Law 89-454. Improved Federal ocean orga- 

 nization — innovation and improvement in Federal, State, industry 

 ocean cooperation — and strengthening of your own congressional 

 ocean overview have all been urged upon you. 



It is a large order but returns in the form of not only dollars into 

 the treasuries, but very major contributions to the solution of problems 

 of this country and the world are the rewards your leadership should 

 capture from the oceans. 



Thank you for the privilege of appearing before you. 



Mr. Lennon. Thank you very much. Admiral Stephan. You com- 

 mented earlier that you had not had the opportunity to study the panel 

 reports but planned to do so now that they are available. Certainly I 

 hope that you will have an opportunity to review those and study those 

 in the apparent depth that you have the Commission report. Hope- 

 fully we can persuade you to come back and comment on the conclu- 

 sions and findings and recommendations from the several panel 

 reports. 



I am very impressed, admiral with what you say in your statement 

 with respect to the question of how do we relate, how do we compare 

 in cost and in ultimate human burden the programs related to space. 

 Incidentally, I am reminded that there are actually six members of this 

 subcommittee that are members of the space committee but unfortu- 

 nately absent this morning, due to the fact they are marking up a bill. 

 I am pleased too, in the few hearings that we have had that so much 

 interest has been demonstrated by the members of this subcommittee 

 on this report, especially those members of the space committee. They 

 are quickest to differentiate between what the responsibilities are and 

 what the ultimate goals should be. 



