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freedom and capability by private enterprise to engage in ocean proj- 

 ects on their own initiative. 



My reason for saying this is that I believe that initial expenditure 

 of money to develop the basic ocean technology required for substan- 

 tive accomplishments in the sea is far beyond the means of even the 

 largest of private business organizations. 



I believe the effort should be a partnership between Government 

 and industry together to do a big job without serious limitations in 

 manpower and money to get the job done. The partners' roles in this 

 effort is clearly defined. The Government to formulate, direct, and 

 supply the billions of dollars required and industry to spend these 

 dollars to implement the programs. 



I feel that once the basic technology is developed by Government 

 expenditure, that private industry can reproduce this hardware and 

 carry out ocean operations on an economical basis for commercial use 

 entirel}^ on their own without future Government support. 



A good example of this type of evolution from Government spon- 

 sorship to sponsorship by private enterprise is our commercial jet air- 

 liners. The Government originally spent billions of dollars developing 

 their military jet predecessors. Private enterprise then took this tech- 

 nology and experience and produced commercial jet airliners which 

 could be manufactured and sold at a profit without further sudsidy 

 from the Government. So it can be with ocean hardware. 



PARITY IN PRESENT TALENT AND TECHNOLOGT FOR EASY TRANSFER TO 



THE OCEAN EFFORT 



I believe that the sector of American industry that has been asso- 

 ciated with the advanced military and space program already has the 

 technology and much of the physical plant facility to redirect to the 

 ocean effort without retraining in oceanogTaphy. 



The same talent, the same scientific disciplines, most of the same 

 plant and equipment apply to oceanography as apply to aerospace 

 and advanced weaponry. The only difference is that the medium of 

 operations is water rather than land or air. In short, we presentl}' 

 have the national scientific and physical resources to use in this area, 

 and it is not necessary to develop a new breed of scientists, engineers, 

 and techniques to carry out this effort. We already have them and 

 they could be reconverted almost overnight to new jobs related to the 

 oceans. 



PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE 



I believe the U.S. public will accept the formation and expenditure 

 of a NOAA as meaningful and publicly acceptable usage of our sur- 

 plus scientific resources to useful and valuable effort in the national 

 interest. As we train more and more scientists and engineers, it will be 

 an economic necessity to find useful employment and outlet for the 

 talents of the expanding scientific community which cannot be totally 

 absorbed in the commercial sector. 



What better usage for this talent could there be than one which not 

 only helps solve an economic problem but has such great potential in 

 economic returns as exploitation of the oceans? 



