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up and down from very small ones to very large ones to fit a wide 

 variety of purposes for whatever you want to do in the oceans, whether 

 to produce oil from offshore, factories, food processing or just plain 

 office buildings or recreational hotels. 



Mr. Pierce. [Slide.] This slide gives you some imaginative, rather 

 speculative dimensions of such sea buildings which are technologically 

 possible today, this sketch -shows a building 300 feet down, 1,000 feet in 

 diameter, disus shaped with a high density stabilizing mass at the 

 bottom and 100,000 square feet area in the low-density chamber. 



As I say, this is purely speculative and gives you some ideas of 

 what might be done. 



Mr. Pierce. [Slide.] Now, another component is that of transporta- 

 tion. Here we will have to go to new concepts and new techniques in get- 

 ting very fast transportation above the surface of the ocean and below 

 the surface of the ocean. Present surface ships and hydro foils are too 

 slow. What we need is a generation of surface effects craft that cruise 

 above the surface of the waves on a cushion of air at speeds possibly 

 from 100 to 150 knots. These could be in very large sizes from thousands 

 of tons down to very small sizes for personal transportation. 



I believe considerable work has already been started on this and 

 that the Maritime Administration has a study program on a large 

 vehicle of this kind for transoceanic freighting and passenger service. 



Now, in the subsurface realm, we have already made a start in small 

 submersibles. Here again I think you need a fairly wide spectrum of 

 components for transportation such as a small two-passenger "sub- 

 mobiles," possibly "bus" type submarines and on up to the very large 

 passenger and freight-type submersibles that will cruise at consider- 

 ably greater speed than the present by technological advancement in 

 reducing the drag coefficient which reduces the power required to make 

 these vehicles go at 100 knots below the surface of the sea. Much work 

 needs to be done in this area. 



Mr. Pierce. [Slide.] The other area I mentioned is ocean robots or 

 work horses. In working in the sea it is necessary that we be able to 

 work with facility from the surface all the way down into the ocean 

 depths. The "Man in the Sea" program for the shallow coastal areas 

 has a useful application but as we advance into the oceans it will be 

 necessary to go way down and be in an environment that is very diffi- 

 cult for a human to withstand. So, they must be enclosed in an almost 

 normal environment similar to the submarine but with facility to do 

 very delicate manipulations, to pick up things or to do heavy work 

 such as the imaginative bulldozer shown here. 



This is technologically possible with the work that has been done in 

 "man machines" where the motions of a man's hand can be transmitted 

 to external steel muscles and fingers to exert great power with great 

 delicacy. 



Here again I think we will need a wide variety of this type of thing 

 to really work in the oceans. 



Mr. Pierce. [Slide.] I mentioned communications. At present, above 

 the surface of the ocean it is relatively easy with present technology 

 to communicate with vehicles traversing the skies and relaying via a 

 synchronous satellite to shore. However, with all the fixed and moving 

 vehicles in the ocean we will need an intergrated system of surface 

 elecromagnetic radiation equipment and sonic underwater communi- 



