451 



Unfortunately, few Virginians have shown interest in the two educational 

 programs. Of 150 applying in 1967, 18 were Virginians— 11 of whom were in- 

 eligible. Hence, most of the applicants and successful enrollees to the^e pro- 

 grams are from elsewhere. This trend should and can be reversed by more em- 

 phasis on marine sciences at the pre-college and undergraduate levels. Adult 

 education can focus additional attention on this field. 



Activities to this end have been undertaken by VIMS ; others should follow suit. 

 Each year sees an increasing interest in marine science in Virginia and it is 

 hoped that state and local public school systems and the community college pro- 

 grams will incorporate oceanography in the appropriate places in their curi-icula. 

 All pre-college students and undergraduates should be exposed to more ocean- 

 ographic facts in earth science and biology courses, while in some schools ocean- 

 ography should be offered as electives. More students should be encouraged to take 

 courses at, or seek experience at, seaside laboratories. Certain of the proposed 

 technical and community colleges should provide programs to train field and 

 laboratory marine technicians and fishery technicians. 



It is certain that trained oceanographers, marine technicians and engineers 

 resulting from these efforts will have no trouble being employed. Many oppor- 

 tunities are open to trained people at all levels. The pre-college and under- 

 graduate programs outlined above will marketedly increase interest in ocean- 

 ography and provide a corps on which to build future expansion of research, 

 engineering and industrial development in marine science. And Virginians will 

 be better prepared for education in the academic and research aspects of profes- 

 sional, post-graduate oceanography and engineering. 



OCEANOGKAPHIC RESEARCH FACILITIES AND PROGKAMS IN VIRGINIA 



VIMS operates laboratories in two locations, the main one at Gloucester Point 

 on the York and the Eastern Shore unit at Wachapreague. In addition, Virginia 

 has built an hydraulic scale model of the tidal James in cooperation with the 

 Norfolk District Engineer's Office and the Waterways Experiment Station of the 

 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This excellent estuarine research and engineering 

 facility is operated jointly by VIMS and the Corps. The new Chesapeake Bay 

 Hydraulic Model to be built by the Corps will further enhance the scientific and 

 practical oceanographic work of Virginia's marine scientists and engineers. 



The Institute operates a fleet of three medium-sized (50'-90') vessels and a 

 score of small ones. 



Several other academic institutions in the state either have individuals or 

 groups of scientists interested in oceanography and marine problems. Included 

 are the School of Engineering and the Departments of Geology and Geography of 

 the University of Virginia ; the College of Engineering and the Department.s of 

 Geology and Biology and Forestry and Wildlife of Virginia Polytechnic Insti- 

 tute ; the Departments of Biology, Chemistry and Geology, of the College of Wil- 

 liam and Mary ; the Department of Biology of the University of Richmond : the 

 Department of Biology at Virginia State College in Petersburg ; the Department 

 of Biology of Frederick College ; various departments of the Medical College of 

 Virginia, Madison and Longwood Colleges. 



Some schools are developing separate facilities and programs in marine sci- 

 ence. For example, Hampton Institute has expressed a desire to develop a depart- 

 mental program and Old Dominion College of Norfolk has recentiv established 

 an Institute of Oceanography with its own laboratory and boat, 'it is certain 

 that others will be involved. This selected list of institutions which have per- 

 sons with marine interests and capabilities is not exhaustive, but does indicate 

 that there is considerable interest and capability in marine science and related 

 activities throughout the academic institutions of the Commonwealth 



Private research institutions and industry have been active in developing 

 programs relevant to the marine environment and its problems. The Virginia 

 institute of Scientific Research of Richmond has worked on corrosion chemistrv 

 Woodward Research Corporation of Hemdon, Virginia, conducts biological stii^ 

 dies on a contract basis. Atlantic Research Corporation of Northern Virginia 

 also does contract mstnimentation and biomedical and microbiological develop- 

 ment work. The two largest industry efforts in oceanography or related fields 

 known to the author have been pursued by the Newport News Shipbuilding and 

 Dry Dock Company, which has conducted global exploration of submarine min- 

 eral deposits using its own research vessel Prospector, and Reynolds Interna- 

 tional, Inc., whose program to develop and operate the deep submergence vehicle 



