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Aluminaut is widely known. There are undoubtedly other private and industrial 

 capabilities in Virginia and Maryland. Near Annapolis, the Undersea Division 

 of Westinghouse with its DEEPSTAR series of deep su'bmersibles is another 

 developer of engineering products for oceanography. 



Considerable engineering and scientific talent in oceanography and related 

 fields is present in the many federal estaiblisihments in the Commonwealth and 

 nearby Washington and Maryland. Among those in Virginia are the Naval Weap- 

 ons laboratory at Dahlgren, and in Norfolk, the Land of Sea Interaction 

 Laboratory (LASIL) and the Atlantic Ship Base, both of the Environmental 

 Science Services Administration (BSSA). In addition, the U.S. Navy Weather 

 Research Facility (Norfolk) and the Langley tow tank facility of the David 

 Taylor Model Basin on the Peninsula are oriented toward marine research. 

 Allied technical capabilities exist at NASA, Langley Field and NASA, Wallops 

 Island. Cooperative research programis are underway or have been conducted 

 between VIMS and both units of BSSA as well as with the Navy Weather Re- 

 search Facility and NASA, Wallops. 



Among the noteworthy non-military research and development projects that 

 have been carried out in Virginia waters 'by VirginiaJbased institutions are the 

 following studies (mostly drawn from VIMS' files) : 



1. Temperature and salinity distribution and circulation of Continental Shelf 

 waters designed to develop 'better understanding of the factors involved and, if 

 possible, capability of forecasting waves and currents. (The scientific and prac- 

 tical import of this pr^oject is ohvious since military activities, boating, move- 

 ment and survival o^f fishes, beach erosion and many other important features 

 are directly dependent upon circulation of inshore oceanic waters. ) 



2. Circulation of tidal and estuarine waters of Chesapeake Bay and its tribu- 

 taries. (Tidal and estuarine waters figure significantly in all maritime affairs. 

 Hence, the significance of this work to industry and public welfare is clear.) 



3. Chemistry of estuarine and shelf waters, with emphasis on the effect of man's 

 activities on the natural environment. 



4. Fate and role of radioactive particles in marine waters and sediments and 

 organisms ( significant because of the increasing use of nuclear energy in ship and 

 electrical power plants). 



5. Distribution and fate of pesticides in marine waters and organisms. 



6. Primary productivity and overfertilization of coastal waters. 



7. Distribution and abundance of molluscs, crahs and finfishes in relation to 

 natural and manmade factors and to fishing activities. 



8. Effects of pollutants on fishery populations. 



9. Search for unexploited or underexploited stocks of fishery organisms. 



10. Development of techniques for mariculture of oysters, clams, and crabs 

 and other species. 



11. Processes involved in beach erosion. 



12. Studies of sedimentation in estuarine and coastal waters. 



13. Development and use of hydraulic and mathematical models of estuarine 

 and coastal waters in science and engineering. 



14. Development of instruments for oceanography and undersea activities. 



15. LTse of airborne and satellite radiometry and microwave photography in 

 oceanographie studies. 



These and other activities in the marine sciences and in public and private 

 management of marine resources have begun to provide a research, development 

 and management capability which will be useful in the future development of 

 Virginia. As a result, Virginia is in the best position that she ever has been to 

 advise, secure or provide services on such practical problems as location of indus- 

 trial plants ; shoreline and water-use proposals ; channel, dam and shoreline 

 modification ; beach erosion and nourishment ; marina location ; pollution abate- 

 ment and avoidance in tidal waters ; prediction and improvement of fishery stock ; 

 prevention of deterioration of the marine environment and other problems. In 

 developing the various oceanographie capabilities in Virginia, esijecially those 

 of VIMS, emphasis has been placed on making the results of research available 

 and useful to the state, its industries and people. Obviously, people and industry 

 put greatest demands on marine resources. Therefore, state-supported research 

 should serve iboth science and the resource users. 



