^'%?^] 15"it;ilT, Sidiimer /i:'n/.< of Prince Eihvard Island. -i 



Tlie {ioolo<riciil fonuation of tin; island is a ivii, ciiiinhiinj^ siiiul- 

 stoiie that <,'ivc's rise to low blul'.s ten to twenty feet lii<{h aloni,' 

 the coast, these reaching a height of sixty or seventy feet at some 

 points, notably near North Cape, at East Point, ami on the 

 north siiore near New London. Tlie IjUiU's (or 'clifts' as they are 

 called by the natives) are practically perpendicular, the waves 

 eating them away below, and usually tliere is a gravelly beach of 

 detritus at their base. They are often guttered by streams, and 

 sloping down, parallel to the water's edge, may be replaced bv 

 reaches of gravel or sand, or perhaps 'ow islands, behind whicii 

 arc found lagoons and salt marslies, but in a few miles, perhaps 

 in a few hundred yards, they may again iniexpectediy rise to con- 

 siderable heiglit. The wind-swept sand beaches are chiclly 

 along tlic north shore, interrupted at times bv the red blulfs; 

 and although there is always a perceptible reddish tinge to the 

 sand, it is surprising how white it may become in some local- 

 ities. The drifted sand-hills, fringed with more or less scantv 

 grass, suggested the possibility of finding the Fpswicli Sparrow, 

 and yet my ellbrts were unrewarded, tlie Savanna Sparrows met 

 with in such places being in no wise lighter-colored th:ni those 

 of adjacent fields. 



A green belt of farming country encircles the island, the pas- 

 tures in many places extending to the very edge of the blull's. and 

 back of them the land is slightly rolling, nowhere reaching any 

 considerable altitude. The only marked inecpialities are due to 

 the erosion of small brooks, and the general ellect is that of a flat 

 country. In the central section, tlie best settled, tiie fainis 

 extend from shore to shore and have succeeded the forest that 

 once clothed the whole island. The timber has been nearly all 

 cut, and no large bodies remain except in the \vestci"n and eastern 

 sections, where bears, still surviving in limited numbers, indicate 

 the nature of the unsettled tracts. A few 'blueberry barrens' 

 were noticed. Most of the island appears to be well draineil and 

 comparatively dry. I met with no extensive swamps, nor are 

 the shores of the fresh water lagoons and lakes (particularly 

 abundant near East I'oint) especially swampy. The lagoons 

 have been made by the damming back of small streams behind 

 the sandbars formed by the wearing away of the blnfls. At Tig- 

 nish the woods were in patches interrupted by fields, this style of 

 country being characteristic of a large part of the island. It rep- 



