XX N()liTI[ AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Nortli America," modified somewiiat in" acc.rda.ico witli more recent views 

 ol Professor Sundevall and others. lint heio.e proceeding to the analysis 

 of tlie families, J will introduce an aititicial .lew to the preceding hi-dier 

 groups as ail.,pteil, so far as they are represented by North A^merican 

 species. 



AKTUMCIAI. KKY TO TIIK KoliKlJOIXO IlKUfKH (iliOrPS, 



B, m-ans ,f vhlch ,nn, K.rtI, A,„nean ,.ir,l „„., I. r.;./,/, r.fcn.d to ,ka, gnn<j> to n-hich it 



1.1 hfld to lit/iiiiij. 



I. Toi's 3 ; i; ill IVoiit, 1 Lcliiiid . . 



H. Tot..s ;i ; nil in Irout. T,r..s elrlt ..r seinipalmat.. . .'.'.'. .'' L,m,;''!|''J' 



Toes ],„i,Mat,.. \.«tnls tulmlar . . . ' . Yun.u'^xnks' 



^''«tnls not tnl)uliir rvior.n.F^ 



in. T,.,.s 4 ; 2 in IVont, o ,„.,.in,l. liill mv.laml hnuknl .... . 1™^: 



,v T . ., ■ r , I'-ill Mcitli.T.viv.l noihoukr.l. [Ciri!/; or r/d) Picvui.r 



IV. Iocs 4 : 3 m front, 1 lirliind. 



1. Toes .symlac'lvli' . . ,,,,-, t, 



^. Toes totiiuilinatc (all lour ln]l-wcl,licil) «.,.i.., ... 



3. Toe.s palniati'. Hill (iiivci iiii , 



,,.,, ' r,i.Mii()i,.E. 



I'lllMof.nmMlnp; Ian„.llatp . . U.MiaunosruK.s. 



not lamellate ; Imllux loliatc . Pyodimdk.s. 



hallux not loliatc l,(i.\(iii'KN.NF.>i 



4. Toes lobate. Tail nuliinontarv i>,. 



Tail [lerleet. A honi.v frontal .sl,iel,l . ALKcroitmi;,.. 



N'o honi.v frontal sliiel.l .... Li.ViCdi,^. 



5. Toes .seinipalniate ; .joineil l.y evid.-nt niovalilr- lia.sal well (A). 



6. Toe.s cleft to the base, oi' there ininiovalilv cohiTeiit (B). 

 A. Hind toe elevated aliove the level of the ivsl. 



Tibia' nake;l below. Xostrils iii'ifoiate . \,,. ,.•,.„„, 



Nostrils imperforate. Tarsi reticulate. Head bald . llKiionio.sKS. 



Head feathered Li.Micoi.yE. 

 Tarsi scutellate in front . . LiMlcoL.f:. 



Tibia feathered below. No.strils iierforate KvPToers 



Nostrils imiierforate. Gape reachincr below eye. (Oiipscli) Picvuix! 

 Oapc not reachinj; behnv eye . Gai.i,in,e. 

 AA. Hind toe inserted on the level of the rest. 



Tibia, naked below Hkkoihonks. 



Tibia; feathered below. Hill eered and hooked li.\iTOUFs 



Hill not cered. Xa.sal membrane .soft and tumid . C'ui,r.MB.«. 

 Xa.sal .scale hard and flat . . . Gali.ix.«. 

 B. Hind toe elevated above the level of the rest. 



Oape n.a,d,inK helow eye (Cyi>scU) Pic ah,^;. 



(.ape not below eye. First jMimary emar<,'inate or about e(|Ual to 2d . . Limichl.k 

 '■'•■^t I"'i'iiaiy not eniaiginate and much shorter than 2d, Ai.ectoiudes. 

 BB. Hind toe inserted on the level of the re.st. 



Xostrils oiieiiins beneath .soft swollen membrane Coi.r.MB^B. 



Xostiilsotlierwi.se. Hill eered and hooked ]{aitoi(E,'<. 



Bill otherwise. .Secondaries only six . . (Ci/j>sdi) PlcAlil^;. 



Secondaries more than six (") . . . Pas.seue.s. 



(</) Primaries 10 ; the 1st more than '^ as lonj; as thi. longest. {ri,matorcs) Passehes. 



PriinaiieslO: the 1st not Saslonpasthelongest. I ,„ . , 



Primaries 0. ' I (^«''"'««) • • Passekes. 



