14 XOIITII AMElilC.^ BIRDS. 



the Mackenzio TJiver iind the ("oppevininc, more than 200 specimens 

 (mostly with tlieir uygs) having been sent tiience to the Smithsonian 

 Institution hy Mr. JMacKarlane. In all tliis number tliere was not a 

 single Ijird thai; had any appnjach to the characters of 'T. HWdinmni, as 

 just given. From tiie Slave Lake region, on the other hand, T. sirainmni 

 was received in nearly the same abundance, and unmixed during the 

 breeiling season with 7'. ulicia: 



Turdus swainsoni, ( aisams. 



OLIVE-BACKED THBTTSH; SWAINSON'S THSUSH. 



Turdus swainsoui, V\\\. Tsohudi, Fiuiiiii Poniaiia, 1814 -4ii, 188. — f.Sci.ATKU & S.VI.VIN, 

 Ibis, 1S.",9, t; (Oimtc'iiialii). — Sci..vn:i!, 1'. Z. S. 18.-.8, 451 (Kcmulort ; 18511, 32(). — 

 111. Ciital. 1801, •>, 110. 11. — r.Alui), Itirds X. Am. 1858, -ilii ; li.'v. Am. 15,, 18t)4, 1!». 

 — (lrNi>i..Mii, Call. .Iimr. 18til, ;)24 (Cuba). —In. IJi'iicit. 18()5, 2-2'.». — I'ki.zki.n, Oru. 

 IJia/.il, II. 1808, its (Maraiiibitaiias, I'Vb. iiml Alaivli). — Lawk. N. Y. I.yc. IX, itl 

 (Costa Hica). — KiDGWAV. — Mayxakj). — Samuki.s, 152. — Cooi-KU, liirds Cal. ti. — 

 Dai.l & Bas.sistki!. Turdus minor, (J.melin, Syst. Xat. I, 1788, 809 (in \m{). 

 Turdus oU cactus, GniAUli, liirds \,. Kslaiid, 1843-44, i»2 (not of Ll.sx.). (/) Turdus 

 7uhiimus, Lakiiksnayk, licv. Zoiil. 1848, 5. — Sci.atku, 1'. /. S. 1854, 111. — Hiivani', 

 Pr. Ho.st. Soc. VII, 18i>(), 220 (Bogota). — J.,A\vui;.Nt.K, Auu. N. V. Lye. 1803. (liirds 

 Panama, IV, no. 384.) 



Sp. Ciiah. l'p|H'r jiai-t.s uniform olivacpoii.'s, with a docidod sliado of }rroen. The fore 

 l)art of bri'ast. the throat and ehiu, |iale brownish-yellow; re.st of lower parts white; 

 the sides wa.><hed with brownish-olive. Sides of the throat and fore part of the breast 

 with snb-iiiund<'d spots of well-delined brown, darker than the baek ; the rest of liio 

 breast (>'.\ce|)t nieilially) with I'alher less distinct spots that are more olivaeeons. TibiiU 

 yellowi.sh-brown. liroad ring round the eye, loral refj:ion, and a general tinge on the 

 side of the head, clear reddish bull'. Length, 7.00 ; wing. 4.1.">; tail, IS. 10; tarsn.-;, 1.10. 



Hah. Eastern North .Vmeriea ; westward to Humboldt Mountain anil I'pper Cohnnbia; 

 pcihaps occasionally straggling as far as (.'alifornia; north to Slave Lake and I'ort Yukon; 

 south to Ecuador and lirazil. Cuba, Gc.NDi.Acn ; Costa Itii'a, Lawk. 



Sjiecimens examined from the nortiiern regions ((Jreat Slave Liike, ]\fiic- 

 kcnzie Itiver, iind Vukon) to (Juateiuitla; from Athintic Sttites to Kast 

 Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and from intervening loctilities. Tiie ex- 

 tremes of variation are the brown isli-oliya of eastern and the cletir (/(irk 

 greenish-olive of remote western sjx'cimens. There is no observable ilif- 

 ference l)etween a (iuiitemalan skin and one from l-'ort Ihidger, I'tidi. 



Hakits. The (.)live-l)acked Thrush, or " Swamp I'oliin," has very nearly 

 the same habitat during the breeding season as that of tlic kindred s])ecie3 

 with wliicli it was so long eoid'ounded. Althotigli Wilson seems to have 

 found the ne.st and eggs among tlie liigli lands of Northern tleorgia, it is yet 

 a somewhat more northern species. Tt does not breed so fiir south as 

 Ahissachusetts, or if so, cases nuist lie e.xceptional and very nire, lujr 



even in Western Maine, wiiere the "(inumd Swamp Ilobin" (T. pallaai) is 

 cpiite abundant. It only becomes conunon in the iieighborht»od of (Jahiis. 



