2(1 XORTir AMERICAN UlllDS. 



Turdus pallasi, vm. nanus, Audi itdx. 



DWARF HUBHIT THBU8H. 



Turdits nnnim, Avu. Oni. liio};. V, 18;i!t, '2()1, pi. .ri. 1!aii;1(, liinls N. A. IS.IS, 213; 

 Ui'V. Am. B. 1804, 15. — Sci.ATKii, 1'. Z. S. Ijsr.it. - In. Catiil. 1801. — DAl.r, & lUx- 

 .Nl.sri;ii. -Cooi'Kii, Birds ('ill., p. 4. '/'Krilun /iiil/nni, var. iniiiii.s, Hiikjway, IJcp. 

 Kiiij,'.s ExiM'J. V, 1872. / '/'iinliis iiiiiiiilii.sc/ikw, liMKI.is, S. N. I, 1788, 808. tf.Miis. 

 cictipti (jiilldlii, I'ai.la.s, Zooj,'. liiKssii-Asial. 11, 1811, 4(1;'). 



Sp. Char. Above wilh tlii> cltjiir dink dlivo of swiiinsoni, Imt. tlii.s even imivi' mid 

 mon- pliiniljeon.s Tpj)!'!' tiiil-uovort.-* (bill not lo\vt>r ])iiil ol rump) bccoiniiij;- inoi-c iiil'oiis, 

 tlic tail abruptly clarki-r. richer, and more piirpH.ih-vuUius. apiiroaeiiinj; to eliestiiut. The 

 clear olive ol' the neck pas.xe.s into bro\viiish-y//'/»iit'(;i(,s aloiifr .-jide.s; pectoral .•<pot,'< more 

 spar.-;e and less jiiire black than in T. juillnni. The white beneath i.< of an almost snowy 

 purity, appreciably diU'ereiit liom the cottony-white of T. jxillnsi. Winjr, 3..')0 ; tail. 3.00; 

 bill, .3fi; tar.-iis. 1.07. 



A very tanij;iblc and constant character po,<sessc(l liy this bird is the more .slcniler and 

 de[ires.sed bill, as coiii[iarcd with that of 7! /iiillasi. Specinicns vary only in intensity of 

 colors; thc-^e variations very limited, and correspondinj;' with those of 71 ji<i/l(i.ii. In all 

 ca.'fes, however, their precise ]iattcrn and peculiar ilistribiition is retained. 



IIaii. Western Provineo of North America, eastward from Kodiak to Cape St. Luca.s. 

 Arizona, Corns. 



Haiuts. Tliis small race of the Hennit Tlini.sli wtis first iioticeil by Dr. 

 Pickeriiio, uiul duscrilietl by Mr. AikIuIjoii from an im|)erfect skin. It 

 has since been obtainetl almndantly on the I'aeitic slope, and ]\Ir. liidgway 

 procured a specimen its far east tis the East Humboldt Mountains, which 

 he considers its eastern limit. 



Ill its habits it is said to be, like T. pallasi, almost exclusively terrestrial. 

 Dr. Heermann mentions fmdin^f it abundant in California, and breeding 

 among tlie stunted oaks covering the Siind-hills of .San Francisco. Dr. 

 Cones found it in Arizona, but sjieaks of it as rare tind migratory, occurring 

 chietly in spring and autumn, and as a shy and retiring species. Dr. Cooper, 

 in his lie])ort on tlie Ilirds of California, descrilies it its shy and timid, pre- 

 ferring dark and sliady thickets, feeding chiefly on the ground, running 

 rapidly, and searching i'or insects among the leaves. 



Near San Diego they begiin to sing about the 2r)th of April. The song, 

 consisting of a lew low ringing notes, resembles that of Wilson's Thrush 

 {T.fiisccticciis), and also that of T. in^lulahia, but is not so loud. Their note 

 of alarm is a loud and ringing chirp, repeated and answered by others at ti 

 long distance. 



At Santa Cruz, on the first of June, Dr. Cooper met with several of their 

 nests, which, though [irobably erroneously, he suiiposed to belong to the 

 Dwarf Hermit Thrush. They were all built in thickets under the shade 

 of cottonwo(Kl-trees. Each nest was about five feet from the ground, and 

 all contained eggs, from two to four in number, in differing stages of incuba- 

 tion. The nests were built of dry leaves, roots, fibres, grasses, and bark, 



