102 x<»i{Tii AMKrucAX iiruns. 



of bread. They migrate but little, reumiiiin<^ at the Columbia River even 

 when the <,'rounil is covered with snow. Tiie egf,'s are as yet unknown, but 

 without doubt they closely resemble those of the Eastern species. 



Farus carolinensis, Audubon. 



BOUTHEBN CHICKASEI. 



Pnnis mrnlinnisl.i. Am. Oiii. lUiig. II, 1834, 474, \A. Ax. —In. Birds Am. II, 1841, l.'i'i, 

 jil. cxxvii. - IJ.Mlili, Hiiils N'. .\m. ISSS, 3i)2 ; Kc-view, 81. — SiX.vrKli, C'lital. IStil, 

 i:t, III). 81. I'uxiU caroUnaisui, BoN. Consi). 1850, 230. 



Sr. CiiAH. Seconil »niill iiii|)iTi.Mably longer tliaii soeondnrici. Tail vory little roundeil. 

 Loiigtli alioul •t.")0 inches; wiiig les^s than 2.5(1; tail, '2.40. Back l)ro\vni.'*h-ash. Head 

 above, anil throat, black, separated on sides of head liy white. Beneath white; browni.-<li- 

 white on sides. Onter tail-leathers, ju'lniaries, and .secondaries, not edged with white. 



II.\B. South Atlantic and gidf n-gion of I'nited State.*, north to Washington, I). ('. 

 Texas and the Mississippi Valley ; north to Central Illinois ; the only species in the 

 southern portion of tlu; latter State. 



This species is, in general, rather smaller than P. atriccqrilhin, although 

 the tail and wing appear to be of much the same size. The body and feet 

 are, however, snuiller, and the extent of wing is three quarters of an inch 

 less. Tiie bill is apparently shorter and stouter. 



The primaries are proportionally and absolutely considerably longer than 

 the secondaries in the present sjjecies, the difference being .55 of an iiicli, 

 instead of .45. The tail is rather more roundetl, the fetithers narrower. 



The tail is considerably shorter tlnm the wing, instead of longer ; the 

 black of the throat extends much farther back, is more dense ami more 

 sharply defined behind, than in atriatpilhis. Taking into view these dif- 

 ferences, and othei's of color, we feel justified in retaining this as a species 

 distinct from atrimjnlliis, and, iu fact, having mcrulioiialis as its nearest 

 relative (see Syno[)tical Table). IJoth this species and atrmtpilhis are found 

 together in the Middle States, each preserving its characteristics. 



Hauits. South of the once famous line of Mason and Dixou this smaller 

 counterpart of the (Jhickadee seems to entirely replace it, although in New 

 Jersey and Pennsylvania, and occasionally even as I'ar to the north as New 

 York City, the two occur together. Its range is presumed to be all the 

 States south of the Potomac and the Ohio, as far to the west as the liio 

 Chande. It was probably this species, and not the atrmipillm, which was 

 met with by Dr. Woodhouse in the Indian Teri-icory. Without much doubt 

 it breeds in all the States south of Pennsylvania. 



In Southern Illinois, as far north in the Wabash Valley iis the mouth of 

 White Iliver, this is the only species, unless the P. atricapilliis occasionally 

 occurs in winter. Specimens from this region are undistinguishable from 

 those taken in Georgia and the extreme Southern States, and do not present 

 the peculiar features of P. utricupillits. It is a very abundant species, 



