224 NURTII AMERICAN BIRDS. 



surface (inite asliy. 15iit this is, in I'lict, an actual lilcacliing, IVeiiuently to be 

 seen in birds truni tliat region. 



HAmT.s. The geographical range of tlie connnon Summer Yellow-Bird is 

 very nearly coextensive with North America. In its northern distriliution 

 it is found as far toward the arctic sliores as any of our land birds. Iiiciiard- 

 son speaks of it as well known throughout the fur countries as far as tlie 

 woods extend, and mentions meeting with it among tlie earliest arrivals in 

 spring, coming in company with tlie cipially well-known llobin and the 

 (.Jrakle. At Fort Franklin, latitude W>\ he saw it the lotli of ^lay, about 

 the time of its first appeamnce in New England. Tliis was supjtosed to be 

 the limit of its nortliern range, but more recent observations give abundant 

 evidence of its ]>resence, in considerable numbers, to tlie very shores of tlie 

 Arctic Ocean. The late ^Ir. Heiiburn, in manuscript notes, states it to be a 

 connnon summer visitant botli of California and Vancouver's Island, and that 

 along the coast he has traced it as far north as tlie frontier line of 54° 40', 

 wliere it arrives at the beginning of May, but does not nest until the end of 

 the month. 



^Ir. Dull, in his notes on the birds of Ala.ska, states that this AVarbler is a 

 rather common bird all through that territory, and gives its arrival as about 

 the lOtli of May. 



Its extreme southern limit is not .so distinctly traced, but is at least as far 

 as tlie northern portions of South Anu'rioa, inclusive of Cayenne and Ecuiador. 

 In .'ill of the West Iiulies except Trinidad it is rei)laced by .several closely 

 allied species or h)cal races. In Trinidad, Mr. E. C. Taylor states that he 

 found this species common, and could perceive no difference from North 

 American specimens. In Guatemala it is abundant in the wintei". 



Dr. Cones Ibund this Warbler abundant in Arizona, where it is a summer 

 resident, from April 25 to the middle of September. There, as elsewhere, 

 its i)ref(!rence for Avatercourses was noticed. Wherever found, it is alwiiys 

 most abund.ant in alluvial meadows, and more rare in other localities. 



Dr. Samuel Cal)ot found this Warbler connnon in Central America, and 

 Dr. Cragin, of Surinam, sent the Boston Society several specimens from 

 Guiana. Dr. Woodhouse found it abundant in Texas and New Mexico, 

 as did Drs. Suckley and Cooper in Wasliingtou Territory and California. It 

 breeds over the whole area of North America, from (ieorgia on the southeast 

 and from Mexico, northward. Dr. Sumichiast found it, only as a migratory 

 bird, abundant on the ]tlains of Mexico. 



The notes of ]Mr. Kennicott ami the memoranda of Messrs. McFarlane, 

 Iioss, and Lockhart attest the extreme abundance of this species in the I'arthest 

 Arctic regions. In nearly every instance the nests were placed in willows 

 from two to five feet from the ground, and near water. In one instance Mr. 

 Iioss found the eggs of this sjieeies in the nest of Tiirdii.^ sirninaoni, which 

 had either been deserted or the parent killed, as the eggs were in it, and would 

 probably have been hatched by the Warbler with her own. 



