1'"KIN(;1M,1I).K — TllH riNCIIKS. 499 



Sp. CiiAH. Autumnal female, flrcenlanil race {eanencens). (ti:i, 1)77, (irccnland, Univ. 

 Zoiil. Mii.s. Copciiliageii.) In general ap|)t'araii('e like the ('orrespoiidiiij; pluinajre ofy/i. 

 liixiriu.i, but the whole I'uiiip iinmaeiihite white; lioiital hand more than twiee as wiile as 

 in liiiarius, and better deCnied ; lower lail-eoverts without streaks, their shafts even beinj); 

 white. Carmine vertical pateli only alillle wider than the whitish frontal patch ; head 

 with a stroiij; ochraecons sull'iision. Winii', 3..jO ; tail, 2.90 ; bill, .3.j an<l JJO ; tarsus, .00 ; 

 middle toe, .32. Win^'-foruuila, 1, 2, and 3. 



IIai!. Greenland. V'ariatious with .season probal>ly as in smaller Contiuculal race. 



Aihilt of both sejcs in sprimj. Continental race {^r.nlipvx). As described for the (Irccn- 

 land form, l)nt without the ochraoeous .sulVusion. Sides very sparsely streaked. 



Mnh in sprini). Breast only tin<;ed with dcdic^ato peacli-lilossoui-pink, M/s crfeiiillitf/ 

 farther hack medially than laterullij, — just the reveiso of Ai. litiarins ; a ver}' faint tin;^e 

 of tlie same in the white of the rump. Measurements (Xo. 19,(iS(;, Fort Simpson. Ai>ril 

 30,1800; B. R. Ros.'s, CouKs's type) : Wing, 3.00; tail. 2 ")5 ; bill, .29 and .25 ; tarsus, .iVi; 

 middle toe, .30; wing-formula, 2, 1, 3, 4. 



Female in spring. Similar, but lacking all red except that of the pilcinn, which is less 

 intense, though not more restricted, than in the mide. ^reasurciiicnts (.No. I!),7ti0, Fort 

 Simpson, April 28; B. R. Ross): Wing, 2.80; tail, 2.;5r) ; bill, .25 and .22; tarsus, .51; 

 middle toe, .30. 



/loth nexes in autumn. (9, I'ort Rae.) The white of the whole plumage, except on the 

 rump, overspread by a wash of pale ochraeeous, this deepest aiit(riorly ; on the anterior 

 upper ])arts a deep tint of ochraeeous entirely replacing the white; wiiig-markiugs broader 

 and more ochraeeous than in the spring pliMuagcs Wing, 2.85; tail, 2.50; bill, .30 and .25; 

 tarsus, .51 ; middle toe, .30. 



IIaii. Continentid arctic America. In winter south into the United Stales (as far as 

 Mount Carroll, Ulinoi.s). 



Thouoli yE. rnnn^rrna is noavly identical with ^E. /Iiinriii.'^ in si/o, liicsc two 

 sjH'cies may always bo (li.stiiij^iiisiicd IVum oae.li titlicr l)y ccfliiin wdll-niaiked 

 and constant ditlercnces in colomtion ; the princi]iiil of tlicsi' liiivc Ih'cii nieii- 

 tioned in tlie synoptical tiible, l)ut a few otlier points may lie n(tte<l iitn'c. In 

 spvine; males of mwrwvH.s the delicate r()sace(>us-i)iiik of the breast dnt^s not 

 extend, np on to the clieeks, and bii#,'kward it extends fait^ier medially tlian 

 laterally, scarcely tingeing the sides at all ; \.hile in ^E. /in<iriii'< the intensely 

 rosaceons, almost carmine, tint covers the clieeks, and extends backward 

 much larther lateiully thtm medially, covering nearly the wiiolo sides. 



Though the weakness, or shortness, of the toes comiKired with tlie tarsus, 

 is a feature distinguishing, upon tilmost microscopical c(un])arison, the yE. co- 

 itearnu^ in its two races from the races of yE. linarius, it will not by any means 

 serve to distinguish cdiK'-iccns and c/'tV/yx'.s-, since, as will be seen by the meas- 

 urements <fii-:n, the ]iro])ortion of the toes to the tarsus is a specific, and not 

 a race, character. (Uidgway.) 



H.XBITS. The history of tht ^foaly l{ed-Poll can only be jn-esented with 

 some doubts and uncertainties. We cannot always dcteiiiiine how fiir tlie 

 accounts given by others may have belonged to this species, ami we can only 

 accept, with some reserve, their statements. 



This form, wlicther species or race, is known to inhtibit (Ireenland, where, 

 according to Dr. IJeinhardt, it is constantly resilient, and I iiavo received its 



