FRINGILLID.E-TirK FINCHES. g.-,j 



cinarginate and rounded. Foathers ratlicr nunow ; „\al al tl..; end. xVo streaks on the- 

 head or body; color above unilbrm on the head, baek, or r.nnp, separately or on all to- 

 gether. Belly white ; outer tail-feathers white. Youn- birds streaked above and below. 



The essential clmracters of this jrenus are tiio middhi toe rather shorter 

 than the sliort tarsus ; tlie lateral toes slijvlitly unequal, tlie outer reacliinu 

 the base of the middle claw ; the tail a little shorter than tlie wings, slinjitly 

 eniarginate. In Junco cincrcus the claws are longer; the lower inandiWe a 

 little lower than the upper. 



Species and Varieties. 



CoMMOM CiiAUACTKRs. Prevailing eolor iilnnibeoMs ; aluiomen. crissnni, and 

 lateral tail-feathers white. 



A. Bill entirely light flesli-colored, dusky only at extienie point. Color of 

 jugulum (deep ash or plumbeous-blaek) al)ruptly defined against the pure 

 white of the abdomen. 



a. Posterior outline of the dark color of the jiigidurn convex ; sides 

 pinkish. 



1. J. oregonus. Back and wings more or less ting.-d with dark 

 rusty, in sliari) contra.'^t with the black ( ^) or iisii (9) of the head 

 and neck. Hab. Pacific Province of Nortii Anieiica, from Sitka 

 southward ; east across the Middle Province of United States, to 

 the Rocky ^[ountains (where mixed with J. canicrp.s^) occa^ioiuilly 

 to the Plains (where mixed with J. hi/einalin'). 



b. Posterior outline of the dark (-olor of the juguliiiii concave ; sides ashy. 



2. J. byemalis. Back and wings without rusty tinge. 



Wing without any white; three outer tail-leathers only, 

 marked with white. Bill, .Ji I and .2"); wing, 3.10 ; tail, '2.80; 

 tarsu.s, .80. ^«6. Eastern Province North America. Straggling 

 west to Arizona (Coincs) ; in tlie northern Rocky Mountains" 

 miKQA w\ih J. Oregon HS vnr. h i/'em a lis . 



Wing with two white bands (on tips of middle and greater 

 coverts); four outer tail-leathers marked with white. Bill, .50 

 and ..'iO; wing, ;!.40; tail, 3.20. Hab. High moimtains of 

 Colorado (El Paso Co., AiKKJj) .... \iii: a i hen i . 



3. J. caniceps. Back (interscapulars) rufous: seapidars and wings 

 uniform ashy. Ilab. Central Rocky Mountains of United States. 

 (Along southern botnidary mixed with J. cinei-eun.') 



1 Hybrid between oreffonus and ainicqw, = " anncclcns," liAiitn, Geol. Surv Cid f)rii I 

 p. 564. ■ ' ' 



Cll.vii. Pinkish sides and convex outline to ash of l)rpast, as in nrc/jmiiis; with the liriglit 

 rufous baek and lushy head, with black lor.'s of ctmieeps ; a tendency in the rufous of ba(!k"to 

 tinge the wings, as in oregonus. Ilnh. Southern Hoeky Alouutuins. (Fort Whippl.', Arizona, 

 Coi'KS ; Fort Bridger, Wyoming, Duexi,i:r ; Fort Murgwyn, Jlountains of Colorado, Aikex.) 



" Hybrid between h;/em(ilis and oregonus, 



CiiAn. Plumbeous baek of hi/emnli.s, witli pinkish sides of orcgnnus ; or else reddish hack of 

 oregonus and plumbeous sides of hgeimilis, or colors mixed both above and bolow. Huh. Snn 

 River, Dakota ; MeKenzie Hiver District ? Fort Whipple, Arizona ; and Fort Ihidger, Wyoming. 



' Hybrid between caniceps and eincreiLi, = " dorsulis," Hr.Niiv, Pr. Phil. Ac. 18.58, 117; 

 Hauii), Hirds N. Am. 1858, 4()7. 



C!hak. Rufous restricted to interscapular region, as in the former, with black upper mandible, 

 and palo ash throat of the latter. Hab. Fort Thoni, New Mexico. 



